Steps to write research paper
_____ Formulating Your Thesis At The Beginning Will Help You Stick To The Topic Of Your Essay.
Wednesday, August 26, 2020
Equal Rights - Argument free essay sample
Equivalent Rights Abortion isn't a choice to be trifled with. It's anything but a choice that the mother should make on her on either. Fetus removal ought to be a common choice between the two guardians. It should possibly be the motherââ¬â¢s decision if the dad isn't eager to think about the infant. It takes both a man and lady to make a kid; therefor it should take both a man and a lady to settle on the choice to prematurely end their youngster. After each of the a youngster is no more the motherââ¬â¢s than it is the fatherââ¬â¢s. At the point when a lady settles on the choice to keep the kid, she expects budgetary help and help bringing up the youngster from the childââ¬â¢s father; in this way, she ought to request the fatherââ¬â¢s conclusion with regards to premature birth, in light of the fact that the dad could need to raise the infant all alone. Fathers are answerable for their youngsters as much as moms. We will compose a custom exposition test on Equivalent Rights Argument or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Fathers ought to be managed indistinguishable rights and benefits to the youngster from the mother on the off chance that they decide to raise the child alone. At the point when a lady looks for a premature birth she ought to be required to give the personality of the dad. Before she can have the fetus removal, she ought to get his composed approval. In the event that the dad decides not to prematurely end the youngster, at that point the mother should respect his choice and think about a substitute choice. The mother can generally give the youngster to the dad after birth. On the off chance that the mother guarantees the dad is obscure, inaccessible, or unequipped for giving assent then the mother ought to get an authoritative record demonstrating such. In the event that a fetus removal is performed without the fatherââ¬â¢s assent, at that point he ought to reserve the option to force a claim on the mother of his youngster. No dad ought to have his youngster detracted from him. The main situations where I accept that privilege can be taken are the point at which a lady has been assaulted, or if the motherââ¬â¢s wellbeing is in danger. In the event that a mother has substantial clinical proof that the pregnancy would be a peril to her wellbeing then that proof should supersede a fatherââ¬â¢s choice to have the child. Ladies ought not be compelled to take superfluous wellbeing dangers with her own life. On the off chance that the mother and the baby are both fit as a fiddle, at that point there is no motivation to not continue with the pregnancy in the event that it is the fatherââ¬â¢s wish. Ladies may contend that it is their body and their choice, however in the event that they were increasingly cautious with their body, at that point they would not be in this position. The Father ought to have a state in fetus removal since it is his kid as well. Any not too bad parent who cherishes their youngsters will battle for them. So a dad ought to have the option to battle for the correct that his youngster exists. A mother can end a pregnancy all alone, or have an infant all alone. A dad can do not one or the other. Since they are both equivalent in making this infant, why canââ¬â¢t the two of them have a similar option to end the pregnancy? A dad can't without any assistance choose to end a pregnancy, so the mother shouldnââ¬â¢t have the option to either. The dad is basically battling for his entitlement to bring up a child or little girl. In the event that a mother settles on a choice to have an infant all alone, and the dad is fit for giving, he is required to pay kid support. On the off chance that a dad settles on the choice to keep an infant and raise it own his own, than after the birth the mother, if able, ought to need to pay kid support too. The dad ought to anyway need to pay for all the motherââ¬â¢s doctor's visit expenses and everything required all through the pregnancy, for example, nutrients, maternity garments, and specialist visits. I think this is reasonable in light of the fact that the dad doesn't need to experience what a mother does during pregnancy. I accept that if and just if the dad is shielding the mother from prematurely ending. Guardians are equivalent and they ought to have equivalent rights in settling on the choice on keeping their kids or prematurely ending. A childââ¬â¢s life is valuable. Here and there it is more valuable to one parent than it is the other. I have seen numerous instances of decimation from fetus removal in my old neighborhood. One explicitly that identifies with my paper occurred at my own one of a kind secondary school. A young lady in the evaluation above me discovered she was pregnant her senior year. She was dating a person that was a decent piece more established than her. He was an effective rancher in his twenties, and he offered to bring up the youngster with the assistance of his family. She wouldn't keep the infant since she would be kicked out of her non-public school and would not have the option to make the most of her senior year. The person and his family were vulnerable on the grounds that they had nothing to do with the choice of this young lady. The person was grief stricken in light of the fact that his sweet babyââ¬â¢s life was taken from him. He frantically needed to keep it, and he offered to raise it with no budgetary help from the mother. She despite everything said no in light of the fact that she childishly picked her fun over the life of this kid. She could have handily gone to a state funded school, and the dad could have brought up this kid after birth. Her psyche was made up, and the dad never got the opportunity to meet his child. A dad is a parent simply like a mother is a parent. A dad is equipped for thinking about a kid alone simply like a mother is. A dad ought to have the option to think about his kid on the off chance that he wishes. Premature birth is a gigantic choice that ought to be a shared understanding between both mother and father before it can occur. In the event that father settles on the choice to keep his kid, at that point he should assume the liability in raising it. Youngsters are valuable endowments that ought not be detracted from any parent, man or lady.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Comparing Plato and Aristotle Essay -- Philosophy
Contrasting Plato and Socrates Plato was among the most significant and imaginative scholars of the old world. He was conceived in Athens in 428 BC to a highborn and wealthy family. Indeed, even as a small kid Plato knew about political life since his dad, Ariston was the last ruler of Athens. Ariston passed on when Plato was a little fellow. In any case, the unnecessary Athenian political life, which was under the oligarchical guideline of the Thirty Tyrants and the reestablished majority rule government, appear to have constrained him to surrender any desire of political life. In 388 BC he traveled to Italy and Sicily, where he turned into the companion of Dionysius the leader of Syracuse, and his brother by marriage Dion. The next year he came back to Athens, where he gave his chance to research and guidance in theory and technical studies. A mind-blowing majority from that point was spent in educating and controlling these exercises. In 347 BC Plato kicked the bucket, while he's distributed works all despite e verything live. They comprise of about 26 sensational discoursed on reasoning and related subjects. The rationalist Socrates was a dear companion of Plato's family just as his educator. Plato's works verify extraordinary effect on him. This could be a decent clarification to why Plato utilizes Socrates to voice his own feelings about his Ideal State. Book I of Plato's Republic, creatures with Socrates, Cephalus, Polemarchus and Thrasymachus talking about equity. Each give their own importance of equity or dikaiosyne. Cephalus says equity is truth telling and obligation paying. He sees equity along these lines since he is a legit and just businessperson. Polemarchus, who is Cephalus' child, concurs with Cephalus' definition, however proceeds by saying equity, is giving every greetings own due. By this he implies, helping one's companion. At last, Thra... ...syche. Aristotle partitions the spirit into two bits: sane and silly, and keeps on isolating the nonsensical part. Plato separates the spirit into three distinct parts: the appetitive, the respect adoring, and the normal cherishing. The main similitudes here are that the two scholars separated the spirit into various parts with the goal that each can be inspected. Plato and Aristotle were both incredible logicians during their time and in the present. Both their takes a shot at Ethics have shown numerous understudies a lot and will keep on doing as such all through time. List of sources: Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics. Hackett Publishing Company, Indianapolis/Cambridge, 1999. Deciphered by Iwrin, Terence Plato. Republic. Hackett Publishing Company, Indianapolis/Cambridge, 1992. Deciphered by Grube, G.M.A. Updated by Reeve, C.D.C. www.encyclopida.com www.sparknotes.com
3 Alternative Trucking Careers to Consider
3 Alternative Trucking Careers to Consider Have a truck driving profession, yet feel like a change? Tired of the isolation of the long stretch and all the hard work? Donââ¬â¢t want to sit in a taxi for such a large number of hours every day, except donââ¬â¢t feel equipped for something else? Donââ¬â¢t stress. There are very of elective vocations for qualified truckers out there. You simply need to get yourself in the game. 1. DispatchWhile youââ¬â¢d still need some preparation, who better than a trucker who realizes the ropes to work dispatching loads? Youââ¬â¢re acquainted with the way of life and the language, and the intricate details of pulling. Check with your present business first, for simplicity of 401k, IRA, and medical coverage move, at that point branch out.2. LoadingIf you donââ¬â¢t mind the substantial work and a likely compensation cut (dock laborers regularly make not exactly an OTR driver), you could undoubtedly get an increasingly steady 9-5 sort of employment even at your own organization o n the stacking dock. Youââ¬â¢ll be home a mess more, and could have a standard timetable for once.3. ManagementYouââ¬â¢ve thought of being a proprietor administrator, yet youââ¬â¢re beginning to feel much progressively goal-oriented. Why not step into the major associations? Get yourself some instructive preparing in business organization (attempt professional schools and multi year partners programs, or even online enhancement programs, to get some confirmation). A touch of business training joined with your current experience and abilities would make you an advantage in trucking organization the executives. You could work for a current organization, or even make it your objective to run your own sometime in the future. In any case, youââ¬â¢ll be out of one driverââ¬â¢s seat and into another.
Friday, August 21, 2020
An Analysis of Judith Wrights Woman To Man Essay -- Judith Wright Wom
An Analysis of Woman To Manâ â The type of this content is a sonnet. The visual appearance of the content on the page demonstrates to us that it is a sonnet: it is situated in the focal point of the page and it is comprised of uniform segments, or verses. The structure is more compelled than that of a novel, which runs unreservedly over the page from left to right. The content likewise uses formal idyllic highlights, for example, different refrains containing equivalent quantities of lines; line breaks among verses; and a normal number of beats per line. The information that Judith Wright is a notable artist adds to the proof this is a sonnet. This content has more than one target group. The essential crowd is Judith Wright's significant other. It is a verifiable truth (in artistic circles) that Wright tended to this sonnet to her better half when she was pregnant with one of their kids. The private idea of this trade among Wright and her better half is obvious in her utilization of individual pronouns: â⬠¦you and I have realized it well; â⬠¦your armâ⬠¦; â⬠¦my breastâ⬠¦. The second target group is each lady and each man, as an outflow of something from each lady to each man. The title Woman To Man makes the sonnet widespread, something beyond a sonnet from Judith Wright to her better half. There are no names given to the lady and the man inside the universe of the sonnet. The experience of 'the Woman' turns into the experience of 'each lady'. The third crowd for this content is the literati â⬠the universe of writing. Judith Wright is a notable Australian artist; this sonnet has been distributed comm only; this sonnet clearly didn't remain among Wright and her better half. The sonnet shows the artist's profoundly specialized and modern authority over language: this ability has been investigate... ...labor. The tone of Lady To Man is not kidding and moves from satisfaction to fear. In the first place, Wright smoothly pours her feelings onto the page. She mulls over her unborn kid, blissfully offering her experience to her better half: â⬠¦yet you and I have known it wellâ⬠¦. Her bliss is appeared in the lovely pictures she uses to portray her youngster: â⬠¦the mind boggling and collapsed roseâ⬠¦. It is just in the last verse that her happiness and satisfaction go to fear. She starts to envision the extraordinary agony of work and she gets terrified: â⬠¦the blast of light along the sharp edge/O hold me for I am apprehensive. The finish of the sonnet is drastically proper. The move in tone from quiet happiness to fear is just normal, as the Woman (the artist) moves from the condition of pregnancy, which she has known for nine months, into the beginning times of work, which scares her.
Meister Making our Mark - Focus
Meister Making our Mark - Focus If youâve logged on to your MindMeister and MeisterTask accounts lately, youâve probably noticed lots of updates from Meister HQ. Weâve made a few changes. Do not panic. It was all intentional. Meister has debuted a new name and logo and so have our tools. Hereâs the inside scoop behind our updated look. âThe only thing that is constant is change.â Heraclitus From MeisterLabs to Meister Our story began back in 2006. We created an online mind mapping tool that was the first of its kind in the sense that it was (still is) cloud-based and allowed for easy team collaboration. The only thing this product needed was a name. A name that alluded to the product and what it does, a name that proudly showcased our Germanness but could still be easily understood, and a name that had broad appeal and could resonate with an international audience. So, MindMeister it was (if you are wondering whether we tried MeisterMind out first we did.) The fact that Meister sounds a lot like the English word master is no accident. We felt that MindMeister aptly represented what we are about and what we wanted people to achieve using our product â" mastery. The name MeisterLabs followed naturally as a company name for us. What were we doing? Creating new products. We fancied ourselves being a bit experimental, dabbling in new technologies within the SaaS industry. We kept the Meister as the overarching brand name and added labs to describe this. Thus MeisterLabs GmbH was founded in 2006. The Quest for Simplicity Over the years, we came to realize that many of our clients, users and business partners knew us as Meister, just Meister. MeisterLabs created a lot of confusion. We decided to drop the labs and make it official. It was an easy decision for us in the end because it fitted our strategy perfectly. We aim for the âMeisterâ brand to be synonymous with an understated, user-centric design thatâs extraordinary and comfortable within its own simplicity. Rebranding and changing our name was just one part of our self-defining process. Itâs important to take stock of our journey every now and then. Take the time to contemplate, think about what weâve achieved, who we were, what weâve learned and of course where we want to be and what we want to achieve in the future. Weâve changed, weâve grown, we are a different company now. MeisterLabs served us well for a time but no longer reflects who we are. Change is good. Evolution is good. Meister is a reflection of our growth as a company. To Meister And Beyond Our goal from the get-go was to evolve into a multi-product company that offers intuitive and easy-to-use products that assist people in mastering their working and private lives. With Meister being the official company name and the brand that all tools in the Meister Suite would fall under, our focus could turn to our products. The update to our name, logo and icon serve to future-proof ourselves. We decided to give our star icon a reboot. Ditched the beaker and gave every point of the star a fresh coat of paint. As you can see, MindMeister pink and MeisterTask blue are both represented as separate points on the star also, no accident. Hint: There is another something in the pipelineâ¦. sshh! Youll also notice that the points overlap slightly. These overlaps represent the symbiosis between our products. Just like MindMeister and MeisterTask, all Meister tools will hold their own as independent, standalone products, but also feature seamless integrations with the other tools. Now letâs take a look at the new product logos. The previous MindMeister and MeisterTask logos were quite similar save for the colors. The logo refresh adds a zap of color that will hopefully help people tell the tools apart and increase the differentiation but also expertly showcase each toolâs uniqueness. This is further demonstrated in bringing mind and task to the forefront. It also adds a versatile shape to the icons â" square with rounded edges â" a design that will look good on any device and in any app store. Why Now? When companies rebrand, itâs usually not something that most users pick up on. Thereâs usually an update thatâs required, some text written in the âWhatâs Newâ section of the app store notification and itâs mostly glossed over. After the update, a new icon appears on the device and thatâs that. Itâs a largely superficial change. Of course design and look matter to users, but not as much as a productâs performance and reliability that always takes precedence. So why now? The answer is simple. Weâve recently launched MeisterTask 2.0 and have successfully migrated all users across (patting ourselves on the back). Now, we are working on a massive MindMeister rewrite that will change the online mind mapping game. Weâve basically created (and are busy creating) completely new products. Our new products coincide with our rebrand. Meister has been reinvigorated. We can now say with confidence that we are sure of where we are going and where we want to be as a company. We have a clear path ahead of us and are making our way to becoming a globally recognized brand. The feedback and response have been great so far. Hereâs to the future and Meister making its mark by literally putting our star up there in the sky. Hear, hear! Meister Making our Mark - Focus If youâve logged on to your MindMeister and MeisterTask accounts lately, youâve probably noticed lots of updates from Meister HQ. Weâve made a few changes. Do not panic. It was all intentional. Meister has debuted a new name and logo and so have our tools. Hereâs the inside scoop behind our updated look. âThe only thing that is constant is change.â Heraclitus From MeisterLabs to Meister Our story began back in 2006. We created an online mind mapping tool that was the first of its kind in the sense that it was (still is) cloud-based and allowed for easy team collaboration. The only thing this product needed was a name. A name that alluded to the product and what it does, a name that proudly showcased our Germanness but could still be easily understood, and a name that had broad appeal and could resonate with an international audience. So, MindMeister it was (if you are wondering whether we tried MeisterMind out first we did.) The fact that Meister sounds a lot like the English word master is no accident. We felt that MindMeister aptly represented what we are about and what we wanted people to achieve using our product â" mastery. The name MeisterLabs followed naturally as a company name for us. What were we doing? Creating new products. We fancied ourselves being a bit experimental, dabbling in new technologies within the SaaS industry. We kept the Meister as the overarching brand name and added labs to describe this. Thus MeisterLabs GmbH was founded in 2006. The Quest for Simplicity Over the years, we came to realize that many of our clients, users and business partners knew us as Meister, just Meister. MeisterLabs created a lot of confusion. We decided to drop the labs and make it official. It was an easy decision for us in the end because it fitted our strategy perfectly. We aim for the âMeisterâ brand to be synonymous with an understated, user-centric design thatâs extraordinary and comfortable within its own simplicity. Rebranding and changing our name was just one part of our self-defining process. Itâs important to take stock of our journey every now and then. Take the time to contemplate, think about what weâve achieved, who we were, what weâve learned and of course where we want to be and what we want to achieve in the future. Weâve changed, weâve grown, we are a different company now. MeisterLabs served us well for a time but no longer reflects who we are. Change is good. Evolution is good. Meister is a reflection of our growth as a company. To Meister And Beyond Our goal from the get-go was to evolve into a multi-product company that offers intuitive and easy-to-use products that assist people in mastering their working and private lives. With Meister being the official company name and the brand that all tools in the Meister Suite would fall under, our focus could turn to our products. The update to our name, logo and icon serve to future-proof ourselves. We decided to give our star icon a reboot. Ditched the beaker and gave every point of the star a fresh coat of paint. As you can see, MindMeister pink and MeisterTask blue are both represented as separate points on the star also, no accident. Hint: There is another something in the pipelineâ¦. sshh! Youll also notice that the points overlap slightly. These overlaps represent the symbiosis between our products. Just like MindMeister and MeisterTask, all Meister tools will hold their own as independent, standalone products, but also feature seamless integrations with the other tools. Now letâs take a look at the new product logos. The previous MindMeister and MeisterTask logos were quite similar save for the colors. The logo refresh adds a zap of color that will hopefully help people tell the tools apart and increase the differentiation but also expertly showcase each toolâs uniqueness. This is further demonstrated in bringing mind and task to the forefront. It also adds a versatile shape to the icons â" square with rounded edges â" a design that will look good on any device and in any app store. Why Now? When companies rebrand, itâs usually not something that most users pick up on. Thereâs usually an update thatâs required, some text written in the âWhatâs Newâ section of the app store notification and itâs mostly glossed over. After the update, a new icon appears on the device and thatâs that. Itâs a largely superficial change. Of course design and look matter to users, but not as much as a productâs performance and reliability that always takes precedence. So why now? The answer is simple. Weâve recently launched MeisterTask 2.0 and have successfully migrated all users across (patting ourselves on the back). Now, we are working on a massive MindMeister rewrite that will change the online mind mapping game. Weâve basically created (and are busy creating) completely new products. Our new products coincide with our rebrand. Meister has been reinvigorated. We can now say with confidence that we are sure of where we are going and where we want to be as a company. We have a clear path ahead of us and are making our way to becoming a globally recognized brand. The feedback and response have been great so far. Hereâs to the future and Meister making its mark by literally putting our star up there in the sky. Hear, hear!
Thursday, June 25, 2020
Utilitarianism And Its Basic Concepts - Free Essay Example
Utilitarianism concentrates on the outcome of an action, which means that it determines in what is right or wrong based on the consequences of what this action brings about. If the action is the proper one then it maximizes utility/happiness and reduce suffering according to the typical conception of this principle of classical utilitarianism. As mentioned, the main goal of this ethical framework is to maximize happiness of the largest amount of people, but this goal has brought a lot of controversy between different groups. It has impacted societies, communities and governments around the world for centuries; even the life and ideas of a simple man in the streets have been also affected by this moral concept. Unquestionably, this ethical framework has not been dismissed from discussions and debates that concern not only to moral philosophers but society in general because of all the positive and negative aspects involved in the decision making of different alternatives, as well as the dilemma of the right vs. the wrong of the decision made. That is why it is crucial to analyze these positive aspects such as the increase of overall pleasure/happiness and the contemplation of circumstances as well as the negative ones such as the complexity of calculating the amount of happiness produced, the lack of foresight, the time uncertainty and the one that personally concerns me the most which is the balance of this utility/happiness over harm. It is undeniable that happiness has an inherent huge worth, we cannot say that there is something negative about happiness. So, utilitarianism helps us to understand and accept that the right line of action is the one that guide us to accomplish the highest level of happiness and the minimum level of suffering. It also guide us to conclude that for example stealing is a wrong action for the damage it causes to everyone involved no matter in what part of the world or what culture since it is a universal principle. Additionally, this ethical framework offers a single and clear criteria to justify our beliefs and moral decisions, so before making any decision we can bring up the question of what global amount of utility it is going to contribute to make our own calculations and to compare with the different alternatives we have to finally decide what is right and what is wrong. Despite the positive aspects previously mentioned about the ethical doctrine of utilitarianism, we have to recognize and acknowledge that this principle has received lots of negative criticism. First of all, the calculation made to achieve the global happiness/utility produced by the different alternatives for decision making is a tremendously difficult task since these alternatives are composed of certain events which we do not know in reality if they are going to occur or not. We do not have a high level of certainty of what is going to happen in the future since it is an unpredictable ethical theory. For example, if we imagine a hypothetical situation where someone is in need of any type of benefit, lets say a financial one, and this individual or applicant decides to bribe the financial company manager in need of a good credit score to apply for a loan or a mortgage, so in this case how we can measure the happiness that the money will cause in the manager and the happiness that will cause in the applicant or how we can compare them; or what if the bribe is discovered and made public, or how we can balance the happiness or unhappiness that many other people will feel because of the loss of confidence and honesty of the financial company staff, the applicant and possibly their families and friends. And the last one, which personally is the one that concerns me the most which is the balance of utility/happiness over harm. There is a well-known saying or common quote from Machiavelli which says that the end justify the means which kind of makes reference to the impersonality in the distribution of happiness, since to maximize it, it really does not seem to matter how it is going to be distributed, some individuals can obtain a lot of happiness/utility and other can obtain very little or some can obtain it at the expense of other people, perhaps violating basic human rights or sacrificing innocents. Utilitarianism has been accepted for so many people, cultures, communities and societies around the world simple because it seems to be relatively simple to apply in the process of decision making as well as the dilemma of the right actions vs. the wrong ones. However, personally I feel it would be great if another principle can be widely applied which not focuses only on the results but also on the rules or the process to make it happen, since as I mentioned previously with the example of the saying of Niccolo Machiavelli where a good outcome simply will kind of excuse any wrong action.
Sunday, May 24, 2020
Definition and Examples of Derivation in English
In morphology, derivation is the process of creating a new word out of an old word, usually by adding a prefix or a suffix. The word comes from the Latin, to draw off, and its adjectival form is derivational. Linguist Geert Booij, in The Grammar of Words, notes that one criterion for distinguishing derivation and ââ¬â¹inflection is that derivation may feed inflection, but not vice versa. Derivation applies to the stem-forms of words, without their inflectional endings, and creates new, more complex stems to which inflectional rules can be applied. The derivational change that takes place without the addition of a bound morpheme (such as the use of the noun impact as a verb) is called zero derivation or conversion. Examples and Observations Derivational morphology studies the principles governing the construction of new words, without reference to the specific grammatical role a word might play in a sentence. In the formation of drinkable from drink, or disinfect from infect, for example, we see the formation of new words, each with its own grammatical properties. ââ¬â David Crystal, How Language Works. Overlook Press, 2005 Derivation vs. Inflection Morphology may be divided into derivationââ¬ârules that form a new word out of old words, like duckfeathers and unkissableââ¬âand inflectionââ¬ârules that modify a word to fit its role in a sentence, what language teachers call conjugation and declension. ââ¬â Steven Pinker, Words and Rules: The Ingredients of Language. Basic Books, 1999 The distinction between inflectional morphology and derivational morphology is an ancient one. Fundamentally, it is a matter of the means used to create new lexemes (derivational affixes among other processes) and those used to mark the role of the lexeme in a particular sentence (accidence, inflectional morphology)... It seems that although we probably can maintain a distinction between inflectional and derivational morphology relatively well in Englishââ¬âalbeit with certain problematical cases which do not invalidate the fundamental notionââ¬âthe distinction is not helpful to us in understanding any other aspects of the morphology of English. The classification might be useful in terms of typology, but does not throw much light on the behavior of English morphological processes. ââ¬â Laurie Bauer, Rochelle Lieber, and Ingo Plag, The Oxford Reference Guide to English Morphology. Oxford University Press, 2013 Derivation, Compounding, and Productivity Word-formation is traditionally divided into two kinds: derivation and compounding. Whereas in compounding the constituents of a word are themselves lexemes, this is not the case in derivation. For instance, -ity is not a lexeme, and hence taxability is a case of derivation. The word income tax, on the other hand, is a compound since both income and tax are lexemes. Changing the word class of a word, as happened in the creation of the verb to tax from the noun tax, is called conversion, and may be subsumed under derivation... Morphological patterns that can be systematically extended are called productive. The derivation of nouns ending in -er from verbs is productive in English, but the derivation of nouns in -th from adjectives is not: it is hard to expand the set of words of this type such as depth, health, length, strength, and wealth. Marchand (1969: 349) has observed some occasional coinings like coolth (after warmth)à but notes that such word coinings are often jocular, and hence do not represent a productive pattern. If we want to coin a new English noun on the basis of an adjective, we have to use -ness or -ity instead. ââ¬â Geert Booij, The Grammar of Words: An Introduction to Linguistic Morphology. Oxford University Press, 2005 Changes to Meaning and Word Class: Prefixes and Suffixes Derivational prefixes do not normally alter the word class of the base word; that is, a prefix is added to a noun to form a new noun with a different meaning: Derivational suffixes, on the other hand, usually change both the meaning and the word class; that is, a suffix is often added to a verb or adjective to form a new noun with a different meaning: patient: outpatientgroup: subgrouptrial: retrialadjective - dark: darknessverb - agree: agreementnoun - friend: friendship ââ¬â Douglas Biber, Susan Conrad, and Geoffrey Leech,à Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Longman, 2002
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