Equal Rights - Argument free essay sample

Equivalent Rights Abortion isn't a choice to be trifled with. It's anything but a choice that the mother should make on her on either. Fetus removal ought to be a common choice between the two guardians. It should possibly be the mother’s decision if the dad isn't eager to think about the infant. It takes both a man and lady to make a kid; therefor it should take both a man and a lady to settle on the choice to prematurely end their youngster. After each of the a youngster is no more the mother’s than it is the father’s. At the point when a lady settles on the choice to keep the kid, she expects budgetary help and help bringing up the youngster from the child’s father; in this way, she ought to request the father’s conclusion with regards to premature birth, in light of the fact that the dad could need to raise the infant all alone. Fathers are answerable for their youngsters as much as moms. We will compose a custom exposition test on Equivalent Rights Argument or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Fathers ought to be managed indistinguishable rights and benefits to the youngster from the mother on the off chance that they decide to raise the child alone. At the point when a lady looks for a premature birth she ought to be required to give the personality of the dad. Before she can have the fetus removal, she ought to get his composed approval. In the event that the dad decides not to prematurely end the youngster, at that point the mother should respect his choice and think about a substitute choice. The mother can generally give the youngster to the dad after birth. On the off chance that the mother guarantees the dad is obscure, inaccessible, or unequipped for giving assent then the mother ought to get an authoritative record demonstrating such. In the event that a fetus removal is performed without the father’s assent, at that point he ought to reserve the option to force a claim on the mother of his youngster. No dad ought to have his youngster detracted from him. The main situations where I accept that privilege can be taken are the point at which a lady has been assaulted, or if the mother’s wellbeing is in danger. In the event that a mother has substantial clinical proof that the pregnancy would be a peril to her wellbeing then that proof should supersede a father’s choice to have the child. Ladies ought not be compelled to take superfluous wellbeing dangers with her own life. On the off chance that the mother and the baby are both fit as a fiddle, at that point there is no motivation to not continue with the pregnancy in the event that it is the father’s wish. Ladies may contend that it is their body and their choice, however in the event that they were increasingly cautious with their body, at that point they would not be in this position. The Father ought to have a state in fetus removal since it is his kid as well. Any not too bad parent who cherishes their youngsters will battle for them. So a dad ought to have the option to battle for the correct that his youngster exists. A mother can end a pregnancy all alone, or have an infant all alone. A dad can do not one or the other. Since they are both equivalent in making this infant, why can’t the two of them have a similar option to end the pregnancy? A dad can't without any assistance choose to end a pregnancy, so the mother shouldn’t have the option to either. The dad is basically battling for his entitlement to bring up a child or little girl. In the event that a mother settles on a choice to have an infant all alone, and the dad is fit for giving, he is required to pay kid support. On the off chance that a dad settles on the choice to keep an infant and raise it own his own, than after the birth the mother, if able, ought to need to pay kid support too. The dad ought to anyway need to pay for all the mother’s doctor's visit expenses and everything required all through the pregnancy, for example, nutrients, maternity garments, and specialist visits. I think this is reasonable in light of the fact that the dad doesn't need to experience what a mother does during pregnancy. I accept that if and just if the dad is shielding the mother from prematurely ending. Guardians are equivalent and they ought to have equivalent rights in settling on the choice on keeping their kids or prematurely ending. A child’s life is valuable. Here and there it is more valuable to one parent than it is the other. I have seen numerous instances of decimation from fetus removal in my old neighborhood. One explicitly that identifies with my paper occurred at my own one of a kind secondary school. A young lady in the evaluation above me discovered she was pregnant her senior year. She was dating a person that was a decent piece more established than her. He was an effective rancher in his twenties, and he offered to bring up the youngster with the assistance of his family. She wouldn't keep the infant since she would be kicked out of her non-public school and would not have the option to make the most of her senior year. The person and his family were vulnerable on the grounds that they had nothing to do with the choice of this young lady. The person was grief stricken in light of the fact that his sweet baby’s life was taken from him. He frantically needed to keep it, and he offered to raise it with no budgetary help from the mother. She despite everything said no in light of the fact that she childishly picked her fun over the life of this kid. She could have handily gone to a state funded school, and the dad could have brought up this kid after birth. Her psyche was made up, and the dad never got the opportunity to meet his child. A dad is a parent simply like a mother is a parent. A dad is equipped for thinking about a kid alone simply like a mother is. A dad ought to have the option to think about his kid on the off chance that he wishes. Premature birth is a gigantic choice that ought to be a shared understanding between both mother and father before it can occur. In the event that father settles on the choice to keep his kid, at that point he should assume the liability in raising it. Youngsters are valuable endowments that ought not be detracted from any parent, man or lady.

Comparing Plato and Aristotle Essay -- Philosophy

Contrasting Plato and Socrates Plato was among the most significant and imaginative scholars of the old world. He was conceived in Athens in 428 BC to a highborn and wealthy family. Indeed, even as a small kid Plato knew about political life since his dad, Ariston was the last ruler of Athens. Ariston passed on when Plato was a little fellow. In any case, the unnecessary Athenian political life, which was under the oligarchical guideline of the Thirty Tyrants and the reestablished majority rule government, appear to have constrained him to surrender any desire of political life. In 388 BC he traveled to Italy and Sicily, where he turned into the companion of Dionysius the leader of Syracuse, and his brother by marriage Dion. The next year he came back to Athens, where he gave his chance to research and guidance in theory and technical studies. A mind-blowing majority from that point was spent in educating and controlling these exercises. In 347 BC Plato kicked the bucket, while he's distributed works all despite e verything live. They comprise of about 26 sensational discoursed on reasoning and related subjects. The rationalist Socrates was a dear companion of Plato's family just as his educator. Plato's works verify extraordinary effect on him. This could be a decent clarification to why Plato utilizes Socrates to voice his own feelings about his Ideal State. Book I of Plato's Republic, creatures with Socrates, Cephalus, Polemarchus and Thrasymachus talking about equity. Each give their own importance of equity or dikaiosyne. Cephalus says equity is truth telling and obligation paying. He sees equity along these lines since he is a legit and just businessperson. Polemarchus, who is Cephalus' child, concurs with Cephalus' definition, however proceeds by saying equity, is giving every greetings own due. By this he implies, helping one's companion. At last, Thra... ...syche. Aristotle partitions the spirit into two bits: sane and silly, and keeps on isolating the nonsensical part. Plato separates the spirit into three distinct parts: the appetitive, the respect adoring, and the normal cherishing. The main similitudes here are that the two scholars separated the spirit into various parts with the goal that each can be inspected. Plato and Aristotle were both incredible logicians during their time and in the present. Both their takes a shot at Ethics have shown numerous understudies a lot and will keep on doing as such all through time. List of sources: Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics. Hackett Publishing Company, Indianapolis/Cambridge, 1999. Deciphered by Iwrin, Terence Plato. Republic. Hackett Publishing Company, Indianapolis/Cambridge, 1992. Deciphered by Grube, G.M.A. Updated by Reeve, C.D.C. www.encyclopida.com www.sparknotes.com

3 Alternative Trucking Careers to Consider

3 Alternative Trucking Careers to Consider Have a truck driving profession, yet feel like a change? Tired of the isolation of the long stretch and all the hard work? Don’t want to sit in a taxi for such a large number of hours every day, except don’t feel equipped for something else? Don’t stress. There are very of elective vocations for qualified truckers out there. You simply need to get yourself in the game. 1. DispatchWhile you’d still need some preparation, who better than a trucker who realizes the ropes to work dispatching loads? You’re acquainted with the way of life and the language, and the intricate details of pulling. Check with your present business first, for simplicity of 401k, IRA, and medical coverage move, at that point branch out.2. LoadingIf you don’t mind the substantial work and a likely compensation cut (dock laborers regularly make not exactly an OTR driver), you could undoubtedly get an increasingly steady 9-5 sort of employment even at your own organization o n the stacking dock. You’ll be home a mess more, and could have a standard timetable for once.3. ManagementYou’ve thought of being a proprietor administrator, yet you’re beginning to feel much progressively goal-oriented. Why not step into the major associations? Get yourself some instructive preparing in business organization (attempt professional schools and multi year partners programs, or even online enhancement programs, to get some confirmation). A touch of business training joined with your current experience and abilities would make you an advantage in trucking organization the executives. You could work for a current organization, or even make it your objective to run your own sometime in the future. In any case, you’ll be out of one driver’s seat and into another.

An Analysis of Judith Wrights Woman To Man Essay -- Judith Wright Wom

An Analysis of Woman To Manâ â The type of this content is a sonnet. The visual appearance of the content on the page demonstrates to us that it is a sonnet: it is situated in the focal point of the page and it is comprised of uniform segments, or verses. The structure is more compelled than that of a novel, which runs unreservedly over the page from left to right. The content likewise uses formal idyllic highlights, for example, different refrains containing equivalent quantities of lines; line breaks among verses; and a normal number of beats per line. The information that Judith Wright is a notable artist adds to the proof this is a sonnet. This content has more than one target group. The essential crowd is Judith Wright's significant other. It is a verifiable truth (in artistic circles) that Wright tended to this sonnet to her better half when she was pregnant with one of their kids. The private idea of this trade among Wright and her better half is obvious in her utilization of individual pronouns: †¦you and I have realized it well; †¦your arm†¦; †¦my breast†¦. The second target group is each lady and each man, as an outflow of something from each lady to each man. The title Woman To Man makes the sonnet widespread, something beyond a sonnet from Judith Wright to her better half. There are no names given to the lady and the man inside the universe of the sonnet. The experience of 'the Woman' turns into the experience of 'each lady'. The third crowd for this content is the literati †the universe of writing. Judith Wright is a notable Australian artist; this sonnet has been distributed comm only; this sonnet clearly didn't remain among Wright and her better half. The sonnet shows the artist's profoundly specialized and modern authority over language: this ability has been investigate... ...labor. The tone of Lady To Man is not kidding and moves from satisfaction to fear. In the first place, Wright smoothly pours her feelings onto the page. She mulls over her unborn kid, blissfully offering her experience to her better half: †¦yet you and I have known it well†¦. Her bliss is appeared in the lovely pictures she uses to portray her youngster: †¦the mind boggling and collapsed rose†¦. It is just in the last verse that her happiness and satisfaction go to fear. She starts to envision the extraordinary agony of work and she gets terrified: †¦the blast of light along the sharp edge/O hold me for I am apprehensive. The finish of the sonnet is drastically proper. The move in tone from quiet happiness to fear is just normal, as the Woman (the artist) moves from the condition of pregnancy, which she has known for nine months, into the beginning times of work, which scares her.

Meister Making our Mark - Focus

Meister Making our Mark - Focus If you’ve logged on to your MindMeister and MeisterTask accounts lately, you’ve probably noticed lots of updates from Meister HQ. We’ve made a few changes. Do not panic. It was all intentional. Meister has debuted a new name and logo and so have our tools. Here’s the inside scoop behind our updated look. “The only thing that is constant is change.” Heraclitus From MeisterLabs to Meister Our story began back in 2006. We created an online mind mapping tool that was the first of its kind in the sense that it was (still is) cloud-based and allowed for easy team collaboration. The only thing this product needed was a name. A name that alluded to the product and what it does, a name that proudly showcased our Germanness but could still be easily understood, and a name that had broad appeal and could resonate with an international audience. So, MindMeister it was (if you are wondering whether we tried MeisterMind out first we did.) The fact that Meister sounds a lot like the English word master is no accident. We felt that MindMeister aptly represented what we are about and what we wanted people to achieve using our product â€" mastery.   The name MeisterLabs followed naturally as a company name for us. What were we doing? Creating new products. We fancied ourselves being a bit experimental, dabbling in new technologies within the SaaS industry. We kept the Meister as the overarching brand name and added labs to describe this. Thus MeisterLabs GmbH was founded in 2006. The Quest for Simplicity Over the years, we came to realize that many of our clients, users and business partners knew us as Meister, just Meister. MeisterLabs created a lot of confusion. We decided to drop the labs and make it official. It was an easy decision for us in the end because it fitted our strategy perfectly. We aim for the ‘Meister’ brand to be synonymous with an understated, user-centric design that’s extraordinary and comfortable within its own simplicity. Rebranding and changing our name was just one part of our self-defining process. It’s important to take stock of our journey every now and then. Take the time to contemplate, think about what we’ve achieved, who we were, what we’ve learned and of course where we want to be and what we want to achieve in the future. We’ve changed, we’ve grown, we are a different company now. MeisterLabs served us well for a time but no longer reflects who we are. Change is good. Evolution is good. Meister is a reflection of our growth as a company. To Meister And Beyond Our goal from the get-go was to evolve into a multi-product company that offers intuitive and easy-to-use products that assist people in mastering their working and private lives. With Meister being the official company name and the brand that all tools in the Meister Suite would fall under, our focus could turn to our products. The update to our name, logo and icon serve to future-proof ourselves. We decided to give our star icon a reboot. Ditched the beaker and gave every point of the star a fresh coat of paint. As you can see, MindMeister pink and MeisterTask blue are both represented as separate points on the star also, no accident. Hint: There is another something in the pipeline…. sshh! Youll also notice that the points overlap slightly. These overlaps represent the symbiosis between our products. Just like MindMeister and MeisterTask, all Meister tools will hold their own as independent, standalone products, but also feature seamless integrations with the other tools. Now let’s take a look at the new product logos. The previous MindMeister and MeisterTask logos were quite similar save for the colors. The logo refresh adds a zap of color that will hopefully help people tell the tools apart and increase the differentiation but also expertly showcase each tool’s uniqueness. This is further demonstrated in bringing mind and task to the forefront. It also adds a versatile shape to the icons â€" square with rounded edges â€" a design that will look good on any device and in any app store. Why Now? When companies rebrand, it’s usually not something that most users pick up on. There’s usually an update that’s required, some text written in the “What’s New” section of the app store notification and it’s mostly glossed over. After the update, a new icon appears on the device and that’s that. It’s a largely superficial change. Of course design and look matter to users, but not as much as a product’s performance and reliability that always takes precedence. So why now? The answer is simple. We’ve recently launched MeisterTask 2.0 and have successfully migrated all users across (patting ourselves on the back). Now, we are working on a massive MindMeister rewrite that will change the online mind mapping game. We’ve basically created (and are busy creating) completely new products. Our new products coincide with our rebrand. Meister has been reinvigorated. We can now say with confidence that we are sure of where we are going and where we want to be as a company. We have a clear path ahead of us and are making our way to becoming a globally recognized brand. The feedback and response have been great so far. Here’s to the future and Meister making its mark by literally putting our star up there in the sky. Hear, hear! Meister Making our Mark - Focus If you’ve logged on to your MindMeister and MeisterTask accounts lately, you’ve probably noticed lots of updates from Meister HQ. We’ve made a few changes. Do not panic. It was all intentional. Meister has debuted a new name and logo and so have our tools. Here’s the inside scoop behind our updated look. “The only thing that is constant is change.” Heraclitus From MeisterLabs to Meister Our story began back in 2006. We created an online mind mapping tool that was the first of its kind in the sense that it was (still is) cloud-based and allowed for easy team collaboration. The only thing this product needed was a name. A name that alluded to the product and what it does, a name that proudly showcased our Germanness but could still be easily understood, and a name that had broad appeal and could resonate with an international audience. So, MindMeister it was (if you are wondering whether we tried MeisterMind out first we did.) The fact that Meister sounds a lot like the English word master is no accident. We felt that MindMeister aptly represented what we are about and what we wanted people to achieve using our product â€" mastery.   The name MeisterLabs followed naturally as a company name for us. What were we doing? Creating new products. We fancied ourselves being a bit experimental, dabbling in new technologies within the SaaS industry. We kept the Meister as the overarching brand name and added labs to describe this. Thus MeisterLabs GmbH was founded in 2006. The Quest for Simplicity Over the years, we came to realize that many of our clients, users and business partners knew us as Meister, just Meister. MeisterLabs created a lot of confusion. We decided to drop the labs and make it official. It was an easy decision for us in the end because it fitted our strategy perfectly. We aim for the ‘Meister’ brand to be synonymous with an understated, user-centric design that’s extraordinary and comfortable within its own simplicity. Rebranding and changing our name was just one part of our self-defining process. It’s important to take stock of our journey every now and then. Take the time to contemplate, think about what we’ve achieved, who we were, what we’ve learned and of course where we want to be and what we want to achieve in the future. We’ve changed, we’ve grown, we are a different company now. MeisterLabs served us well for a time but no longer reflects who we are. Change is good. Evolution is good. Meister is a reflection of our growth as a company. To Meister And Beyond Our goal from the get-go was to evolve into a multi-product company that offers intuitive and easy-to-use products that assist people in mastering their working and private lives. With Meister being the official company name and the brand that all tools in the Meister Suite would fall under, our focus could turn to our products. The update to our name, logo and icon serve to future-proof ourselves. We decided to give our star icon a reboot. Ditched the beaker and gave every point of the star a fresh coat of paint. As you can see, MindMeister pink and MeisterTask blue are both represented as separate points on the star also, no accident. Hint: There is another something in the pipeline…. sshh! Youll also notice that the points overlap slightly. These overlaps represent the symbiosis between our products. Just like MindMeister and MeisterTask, all Meister tools will hold their own as independent, standalone products, but also feature seamless integrations with the other tools. Now let’s take a look at the new product logos. The previous MindMeister and MeisterTask logos were quite similar save for the colors. The logo refresh adds a zap of color that will hopefully help people tell the tools apart and increase the differentiation but also expertly showcase each tool’s uniqueness. This is further demonstrated in bringing mind and task to the forefront. It also adds a versatile shape to the icons â€" square with rounded edges â€" a design that will look good on any device and in any app store. Why Now? When companies rebrand, it’s usually not something that most users pick up on. There’s usually an update that’s required, some text written in the “What’s New” section of the app store notification and it’s mostly glossed over. After the update, a new icon appears on the device and that’s that. It’s a largely superficial change. Of course design and look matter to users, but not as much as a product’s performance and reliability that always takes precedence. So why now? The answer is simple. We’ve recently launched MeisterTask 2.0 and have successfully migrated all users across (patting ourselves on the back). Now, we are working on a massive MindMeister rewrite that will change the online mind mapping game. We’ve basically created (and are busy creating) completely new products. Our new products coincide with our rebrand. Meister has been reinvigorated. We can now say with confidence that we are sure of where we are going and where we want to be as a company. We have a clear path ahead of us and are making our way to becoming a globally recognized brand. The feedback and response have been great so far. Here’s to the future and Meister making its mark by literally putting our star up there in the sky. Hear, hear!

Utilitarianism And Its Basic Concepts - Free Essay Example

Utilitarianism concentrates on the outcome of an action, which means that it determines in what is right or wrong based on the consequences of what this action brings about. If the action is the proper one then it maximizes utility/happiness and reduce suffering according to the typical conception of this principle of classical utilitarianism. As mentioned, the main goal of this ethical framework is to maximize happiness of the largest amount of people, but this goal has brought a lot of controversy between different groups. It has impacted societies, communities and governments around the world for centuries; even the life and ideas of a simple man in the streets have been also affected by this moral concept. Unquestionably, this ethical framework has not been dismissed from discussions and debates that concern not only to moral philosophers but society in general because of all the positive and negative aspects involved in the decision making of different alternatives, as well as the dilemma of the right vs. the wrong of the decision made. That is why it is crucial to analyze these positive aspects such as the increase of overall pleasure/happiness and the contemplation of circumstances as well as the negative ones such as the complexity of calculating the amount of happiness produced, the lack of foresight, the time uncertainty and the one that personally concerns me the most which is the balance of this utility/happiness over harm. It is undeniable that happiness has an inherent huge worth, we cannot say that there is something negative about happiness. So, utilitarianism helps us to understand and accept that the right line of action is the one that guide us to accomplish the highest level of happiness and the minimum level of suffering. It also guide us to conclude that for example stealing is a wrong action for the damage it causes to everyone involved no matter in what part of the world or what culture since it is a universal principle. Additionally, this ethical framework offers a single and clear criteria to justify our beliefs and moral decisions, so before making any decision we can bring up the question of what global amount of utility it is going to contribute to make our own calculations and to compare with the different alternatives we have to finally decide what is right and what is wrong. Despite the positive aspects previously mentioned about the ethical doctrine of utilitarianism, we have to recognize and acknowledge that this principle has received lots of negative criticism. First of all, the calculation made to achieve the global happiness/utility produced by the different alternatives for decision making is a tremendously difficult task since these alternatives are composed of certain events which we do not know in reality if they are going to occur or not. We do not have a high level of certainty of what is going to happen in the future since it is an unpredictable ethical theory. For example, if we imagine a hypothetical situation where someone is in need of any type of benefit, lets say a financial one, and this individual or applicant decides to bribe the financial company manager in need of a good credit score to apply for a loan or a mortgage, so in this case how we can measure the happiness that the money will cause in the manager and the happiness that will cause in the applicant or how we can compare them; or what if the bribe is discovered and made public, or how we can balance the happiness or unhappiness that many other people will feel because of the loss of confidence and honesty of the financial company staff, the applicant and possibly their families and friends. And the last one, which personally is the one that concerns me the most which is the balance of utility/happiness over harm. There is a well-known saying or common quote from Machiavelli which says that the end justify the means which kind of makes reference to the impersonality in the distribution of happiness, since to maximize it, it really does not seem to matter how it is going to be distributed, some individuals can obtain a lot of happiness/utility and other can obtain very little or some can obtain it at the expense of other people, perhaps violating basic human rights or sacrificing innocents. Utilitarianism has been accepted for so many people, cultures, communities and societies around the world simple because it seems to be relatively simple to apply in the process of decision making as well as the dilemma of the right actions vs. the wrong ones. However, personally I feel it would be great if another principle can be widely applied which not focuses only on the results but also on the rules or the process to make it happen, since as I mentioned previously with the example of the saying of Niccolo Machiavelli where a good outcome simply will kind of excuse any wrong action.

Definition and Examples of Derivation in English

In morphology, derivation is the process of creating a new word out of an old word, usually by adding a prefix or a suffix. The word comes from the Latin, to draw off, and its adjectival form is derivational. Linguist Geert Booij, in The Grammar of Words, notes that one criterion for distinguishing derivation and ​inflection is that derivation may feed inflection, but not vice versa. Derivation applies to the stem-forms of words, without their inflectional endings, and creates new, more complex stems to which inflectional rules can be applied. The derivational change that takes place without the addition of a bound morpheme (such as the use of the noun impact as a verb) is called zero derivation or conversion. Examples and Observations Derivational morphology studies the principles governing the construction of new words, without reference to the specific grammatical role a word might play in a sentence. In the formation of drinkable from drink, or disinfect from infect, for example, we see the formation of new words, each with its own grammatical properties. – David Crystal, How Language Works. Overlook Press, 2005 Derivation vs. Inflection Morphology may be divided into derivation—rules that form a new word out of old words, like duckfeathers and unkissable—and inflection—rules that modify a word to fit its role in a sentence, what language teachers call conjugation and declension. – Steven Pinker, Words and Rules: The Ingredients of Language. Basic Books, 1999 The distinction between inflectional morphology and derivational morphology is an ancient one. Fundamentally, it is a matter of the means used to create new lexemes (derivational affixes among other processes) and those used to mark the role of the lexeme in a particular sentence (accidence, inflectional morphology)... It seems that although we probably can maintain a distinction between inflectional and derivational morphology relatively well in English—albeit with certain problematical cases which do not invalidate the fundamental notion—the distinction is not helpful to us in understanding any other aspects of the morphology of English. The classification might be useful in terms of typology, but does not throw much light on the behavior of English morphological processes. – Laurie Bauer, Rochelle Lieber, and Ingo Plag, The Oxford Reference Guide to English Morphology. Oxford University Press, 2013 Derivation, Compounding, and Productivity Word-formation is traditionally divided into two kinds: derivation and compounding. Whereas in compounding the constituents of a word are themselves lexemes, this is not the case in derivation. For instance, -ity is not a lexeme, and hence taxability is a case of derivation. The word income tax, on the other hand, is a compound since both income and tax are lexemes. Changing the word class of a word, as happened in the creation of the verb to tax from the noun tax, is called conversion, and may be subsumed under derivation... Morphological patterns that can be systematically extended are called productive. The derivation of nouns ending in -er from verbs is productive in English, but the derivation of nouns in -th from adjectives is not: it is hard to expand the set of words of this type such as depth, health, length, strength, and wealth. Marchand (1969: 349) has observed some occasional coinings like coolth (after warmth)  but notes that such word coinings are often jocular, and hence do not represent a productive pattern. If we want to coin a new English noun on the basis of an adjective, we have to use -ness or -ity instead. – Geert Booij, The Grammar of Words: An Introduction to Linguistic Morphology. Oxford University Press, 2005 Changes to Meaning and Word Class: Prefixes and Suffixes Derivational prefixes do not normally alter the word class of the base word; that is, a prefix is added to a noun to form a new noun with a different meaning: Derivational suffixes, on the other hand, usually change both the meaning and the word class; that is, a suffix is often added to a verb or adjective to form a new noun with a different meaning: patient: outpatientgroup: subgrouptrial: retrialadjective - dark: darknessverb - agree: agreementnoun - friend: friendship – Douglas Biber, Susan Conrad, and Geoffrey Leech,  Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Longman, 2002

6 Copywriter Jobs Even a School Leaver Can Handle to Earn Some Cash for Living

The graduation from a school means a new and very responsible stage in the lives of young people. They are going to face new life challenges and are definitely a bit nervous about this matter. Each school leaver wishes to attend a college or university. Of course, the financial matter will be one of the most important and urgent factors that will affect the next few years. Many students try to combine their learning with a job. Possibly, it is easy to find a good job. Nevertheless, if you are a student you must take into account time for your studies. Accordingly, you will need a specific job, which can be combined with the learning process. Undoubtedly, any work via the Internet may be a good option. One may choose out of a tremendous variety of online jobs. However, students require definite offers. The most suitable are copywriter jobs. These jobs are quite creative and require a definite level of knowledge and skills. Talented students can earn some fine income and simultaneously, pay enough attention to their academic duties. Please, consider the following job opportunities: Translator Due to a very intensive development of international relations, the need for exact and qualified translations has increased for many a time. If you know, at least, one foreign language, you may earn money making translations. Mind that your salary will depend on the sphere your translation is related to, as well as on the language itself. The rarer the language is, the higher salary you will receive. Essay Writing Even school leavers may be good at composing all types of essays. In fact, many essay writing companies hire inexperienced authors without a degree. They require a real writer’s talent, responsibility, proper knowledge of definite disciplines, the eagerness to improve your skills and similar qualities. Online Copywriting Similar to essay writing, you may become a copywriting specialist. This job requires excellent writing skills, good knowledge of certain spheres of life and personal qualities that can fit this position. Article Writing You may, likewise, write articles on different issues. You may work for a newspaper, a private organization or some news agencies that need article writers. Proofreading Many students experience some difficulties when writing and checking their written assignments. You may help them proofreading and editing their papers. If your grammar is all right and you are familiar with different writing styles, you may earn money thanks to such offer. Blog Writer Blogging is another job advantage, which is sought-after. You may become a blogger of some famous online journal or even blog posts for your college’s web page. These were the most popular and acceptable job positions for students who wish to earn some money while studying. Nonetheless, you may find some other advantageous job opportunities, which might be more suitable for you. For instance, you may work as a social media manager, virtual assistant, medical transcriptionist, web developer/designer, tech support specialist, etc.

Jackson s Resolution The Indian Question - 1520 Words

Jackson’s Resolution to the Indian Question When European people began to settle in North America, one of the major issues they experienced was learning to coexist with the Native Americans. The Spanish conquistadors first sought to exploit the Native peoples. In contrast, the English settlers wanted to convert and civilize the Native people. Both conquers and settlers did not see a solution in allowing Native people to live as they had before the discovery of America. This was a major factor in the discourse between the Native Americans and the European settlers. In turn, Andrew Jackson believed that the Native Americans should be relocated to Oklahoma in order to reach a resolution that would both benefit the American Republic and the Native Americans. His decision was influenced greatly by previous European settlers and their experiences with Native people. One of the first questions to be addressed when interacting with Native Americans is the question of their rights. Upon arrival to America, the conquistadors believed the Native Americans were too weak to take care of the land and themselves. Spaniard, Juan Ginà ©s de Sepà ºlveda described the Native Americans to be weak, simple minded, and slaves by nature. He compares the relationship between the conquistadors and the Natives to that of a father over his wife and children (de Sepà ºlveda, 63). Comparing Native American to children implies that they are incapable of taking care of themselves and their own affairs. In beingShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between The Us And Indian Communities Of North America1590 Words   |  7 PagesThe US in the 1830s debated the relationship between the US and Indian communities of North America. The principles calling for equal rights and political democracy of the people in America were in contradiction with the principles the US was initially a gainst. American colonists began to view the vast expanse of lands controlled by Indians as desirable and could now use Indians in a new way: to acquire land for development . As the rapidly growing United States began to move towards the South inRead MoreTranscendentalism : Transcendentalism, Transcendentalism And Rejection Of Traditional Religion1594 Words   |  7 Pages1830’s and 1840’s. Most of the emphasis with it was placed on individualism and rejection of traditional religion, which they believed there was no need for. The basic belief was that everyone can communicate with God and nature in their own way and that each soul is a single part of a Great Spirit. †¢ Transcendentalism was important for what it demonstrated about the mindset of 19th century America. It showed that, after the Second Great Awakening, people were beginning to once again question traditionalRead MoreThe Removal Of The Indian Removal Act Of 18301820 Words   |  8 Pagessteadily pursued for nearly thirty years, in relation to the removal of the Indians beyond the white settlements is approaching to a happy consummation. Two important tribes have accepted the provision made for their removal at the last session of Congress, and it is believed that their example will induce the remaining tribes also to seek the same obvious advantages.† (Jackson, 1830) This quote from President Andrew Jackson showed the happiness of the â€Å"white settlers† of stripping the homeland fromRead MoreAndrew Jackson, The Democratic, Third President Of The United States2288 Words   |  10 PagesAndrew Jackson, the democratic, seventh president of the United States, wou ld propose an act, that would become infamous among future generations, as the genocide of the indigenous people of the Americas. Jackson was elected in 1828, two years before the passage of his Indian Removal Act, that would determine the fate of the Natives Americans in Georgia. Andrew Jackson, countering George WAshingtons views and past acts on the vatives will fight for a bill in 1830 that would forever change our stanceRead MoreAndrew Jackson Was A Leader1832 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Andrew Jackson was a leader. He was a leader on the battlefront, a leader in office and a leader in his beliefs. Jackson had certain fundamental beliefs that shaped him as a person and would be the foundation for which he would rule the country. He stood by those beliefs and fought for what he saw as the right way. During his life, Jackson would fight many battles and tackle many fundamental opponents. Here, the topic brings into focus one area of importance to Jackson, the national bankRead MoreLife Of Pi By Martel1617 Words   |  7 PagesHISTORY AND ORIGIN In Life of Pi by Martel, Martel uses the faith of Pi to show that initiation, innocence resolutions and chaos are the core keys to having a true journey of a hero. Life of pi is set during Indian history tumultuous period which is referred to as the Emergency. In 1975, Indira Gandhi, prime minister was found charged and found guilty because of her election campaign of 1971 and was forced to resign (Anderson 20). Instead and in reaction to an increased protests and strikes thatRead MoreNative Americans During The World Today2319 Words   |  10 PagesIn the world today, many are cognizant of the injustices faced by Native Americans as a result of the westward expansion of white settlers. Nevertheless, one incident in the antiquity of White-Indian interactions is, in many ways, distinct, and founds one of the nation’s shadiest moments: the aggressive and forced removal of thousands of Cherokee peoples from their ancestral birthplace in the Southern highlands of Georgia from 1 838 to 1839. Known today as â€Å"The Trail of Tears,† following their evictionRead MoreEssay Native American Relations with The United States4012 Words   |  17 Pageswill answer these questions through the examination of two centuries of US history in six time periods that define clear changes in the relationship between the Native American and the US Government. Formative period 1780 -1825 One of the critical tasks that faced the new nation of the United States was establishing a healthy relationship with the Native Americans (Indians). â€Å"The most serious obstacle to peaceful relations between the United States and the Indians was the steady encroachmentRead MoreAmerican Spirit Volume I3787 Words   |  16 PagesHoughton Mifflin Company Boston New YorkContents 1 2 Preface xxi New World Beginnings, 33,000 B.C.-A.D.1769 1 A. The Native Americans 1 1. Visualizing the New World (1505, 1509) 1 2. Juan Gines de Sepulveda Belittles the Indians (1547) 3 3. Bartoleme de Las Casas Defends the Indians (1552) 4 B. The Spanish in America 6 1. Hernan Cortes Conquers Mexico (1519-1526) 6 2. Aztec Chroniclers Describe the Spanish Conquest of Mexico (1519) 3- Francisco Coronado Explores the American Southwest (1541) 13 4.Read More Western Expansion Essay4115 Words   |  17 PagesThe Westward Expansion Introduction The Westward Expansion has often been regarded as the central theme of American history, down to the end of the19th century and as the main factor in the shaping of American history. As Frederick Jackson Turner says, the greatest force or influence in shaping American democracy and society had been that there was so much free land in America and this profoundly affected American society. Motives After the revolution, the winning of independence opened up

Chapter 7 Of The Textbook Diversity Consciousness - 847 Words

Chapter 7 Teamwork: Obstacles to Teamwork In chapter 7 of the textbook Diversity Consciousness, Butcher reports there are some barriers to teamwork. Some of these obstacles can stem from the individual member or members way of acting or thinking outside of the team or group setting. The obstacles that teams may occur could potentially detract the team from having cohesion, and hinders its productivity. Butcher give s eight examples these obstacles. Examples: Unequal distribution of power- not having the ability to make decisions or to be heard. Having this imbalance of power creates an atmosphere that group members are subordinated, causing them not to feel comfortable or not to participate fully in the achieving of the team s goals; stereotypes- the inability to see the individual for who they are, giving into stereotypical ideas, which can cloud your judgement of the person and/ or group; lack of outside support- to work in a box cut off from other people; Social values- difficult y working with a team, a member that is use to completion or individualism, and unwilling to share the credit; lack of trust- hesitant to share or to feel vulnerable to others; lack of communication or miscommunication- unable to exchange information with clarity, and lost the information in the context of delivery; and finally, disagreements over the roles of members or the team s mission- unclear of the responsibilities or role of member or the dynamics of the group. Once these obstaclesShow MoreRelatedTraditional African Family19679 Words   |  79 Pagesfor accuracy and detail. These lesson plans aim to provide guidance on using the sixth edition of Sociology Themes and Perspectives in a teaching context by offering practical classroom support for teachers. Three lesson plans are provided for each chapter. One of these is a glossary exercise that will help students come to terms with the conceptual base of the subject and allow them to build a running dictionary of sociology. The other two lessons focus on issues central to AS- and A-level specificationsRead MoreCompare and Contrast Functionalism and Structuralism14315 Words   |  58 PagesChapter 1 What is social psychology? 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Psychology as a Discipline Psychology asRead MoreMcKay AP Euro Cornell Notes Ch 12 133584 Words   |  15 PagesChapter 12: The Crisis of the Later Middle Ages Use this outline to preview the chapter before you read a particular section in your textbook and then as a selfcheck to test your reading comprehension after you have read the chapter section. I. Prelude to disaster A. Poor harvests led to famines in the years 1315-1322. 1. Fewer calories meant increased susceptibility to disease and less energy for growing food. B. Diseases killed many people and animals. C. Economies slowed down andRead MoreAll About Peace Education13195 Words   |  53 Pageshave represented a spectrum of focal themes, including anti-nuclearism, international understanding, environmental responsibility, communication skills, non-violence, conflict resolution techniques, democracy, human rights awareness, tolerance of diversity, coexistence and gender equality, among others. Some have also addressed spiritual dimensions of inner harmony, or synthesized a number of the foregoing issues into programs on world citizenship. While academic discourse on the subject has increasinglyRead MoreChallenges Faced by Managers in Practicing Organisational Behaviour6576 Words   |  27 PagesMintzberg’s (1973) Model 5 3. Challenges Faced By Managers in Practicing Organisational Behaviour 12 4. Recommendations On How Managers Can Better Handle The Identified Challenges. 16 5. Summary 24 6. Reference 27 7. Bibliography 30 Introduction and Description of the Selected Organisation Manager, a term that is so ubiquitous that its definition is commonly assumed. But the need to seek a definition rises proportionally to the drive to increase theRead MoreEssay on Summary of Ornstein6963 Words   |  28 Pages[pic] Chapter 1 Overview. View of Curriculum PART I Foundations of Curriculum Chapter 2. Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum Chapter 3. Historical Foundations of Curriculum Chapter 4. Psychological Foundations of Curriculum Chapter 5. Social Foundations of Curriculum Chapter 6. Curriculum Theory Part II. Principles of Curriculum Chapter 7. Curriculum Development Chapter 8. Curriculum Design Chapter 9. Aims, Goals, and Objectives Chapter 10. Curriculum Implementation Chapter 11. CurriculumRead MoreTeaching Reading to English Language Learners5240 Words   |  21 PagesCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Teaching reading to English Language Leaners requires some strategies and preparations on the part of teachers, which includes the preparation of the lesson plan. However, an effective lesson plan teaching reading to English Second Language (ESL) students or English Foreign Language (EFL) students requires having a structure (Teaching Reading to ESL Students to Teaching ESL to Adult, NY). The good news though about teaching reading to EnglishRead MoreAttitude, Values, and Ethics6839 Words   |  28 Pages4 ATTITUDES, VALUES, AND ETHICS Chapter Scan ATTITUDES ARE SHAPED BY THE INTERACTION OF SITUATIONS, EXPERIENCES AND VALUES. ATTITUDES ARE LEARNED, AND CARRIED INTO THE WORK ENVIRONMENT. THIS CHAPTER EXAMINES HOW ATTITUDES ARE FORMED AND HOW THEY AFFECT OUR PERCEPTIONS AND OUR ACTIONS IN RELATIONSHIP TO ETHICS. DEVELOPMENT OF VALUES IS DISCUSSED BY EXAMINING ROKEACH’S INSTRUMENTAL AND TERMINAL VALUES RESEARCH. A MODEL OF ETHICAL BEHAVIOR IS PRESENTED, AND FACTORS AFFECTING ETHICAL BEHAVIORRead Moreintermediate accounting 2 test bank Essay8318 Words   |  34 PagesAccounting Accounting Kieso Kieso Kieso Kieso 15th Edition Test Bank 15th Edition Test Bank Weygandt Warfield 15th Edition Test Bank Weygandt Warfield 15th Edition Test Bank ***THIS IS NOT THE ACTUAL TEXTBOOK. YOU ARE PURCHASING the Test Bank in e-version of the following textbook*** Name: Intermediate Accounting Author: Kieso Weygandt Warfield Edition: 15th ISBN-10: 1118147294 Type: Test Bank - The test bank is what most professors use an a reference when making exams for their

Essay about Comparing Homers Odyssey and The Epic of...

Comparing Homers Odyssey and The Epic of Gilgamesh Both The Odyssey and the Epic of Gilgamesh are two incredible stories written long ago. These two epics share many of the same concepts. Such as the nostro (the Greek term for homecoming), xenis (guest/host relationship), oikos (household), and aganoriss (recognition). In both epics these themes are illustrated. In The Odyssey the theme of nostro is very prevalent in this epic. Basically the whole story is based around this concept. The main character Odysseus whole goal in the book is his homecoming. Along his journey he faces many challenges separating him from his home Ithaca and his family. The main thing that keeps Odysseus going is the thought of one day being†¦show more content†¦This is very important in his successes after all without the help from all these people he would not be able to make it home. The relationship between guest and host is something needed in this epic. Xenis is represented in the Epic of Gilgamesh after Enkidu battles with Gilgamesh and they become friends and he accepts him. He then stays with him and is treated like a guest. It seems in this epic xenis does not play as an important role as it does in The Odyssey. Therefore this is where these two would differ. Much of the Odyssey is based upon this theme. Another theme oikos is integrated into the Odyssey. The household in this epic seems to be an important structure in the relationship between Odysseus, Penelope, and their son Telemachus. After all it is their household that is threatened by the suitors and leads Telemachus to search for the truth about the whereabouts of his father. Also the peril of the suitors exhausting Odysseus’ resources and household drive him to kill the suitors. Which also plays into the story well. To me it seems as though these themes play more of a role in this epic. Okios is represented differently in the epic. It is apparent that in this epic the household is held as less important due to the fact that Gilgamesh corrupts other households by sleeping

Business Model Innovation Delivering Products †Free samples

Question: How To Business Model Innovation Delivering Products? Answer: Introducation: There is misconception about the meaning of the word strategy as individuals tend to confuse them with goals and objectives. However, strategies are means to achieving these goals and objectives. In the current world of business where globalization influences the daily operations of organizations, a good strategy is directive, informative, and analytical. A good strategy is like a work plan that is meant to guide an organization towards attaining victory by maintaining a competitive position in the highly globalized market (Kryscynski 2015). A certain organization cannot adapt a strategy used by another organization because development of a strategy is guided by the business ideas, which are different for different companies mainly because different companies have different market niches. Also, a company can only develop a strategy that is in alignment with the resources at its disposal to ensure sustainability of the strategy. Strategies should continuously undergo evolution as indi cated by the case of McDonalds below to meet the changing preferences and demands of customers (Trefis Team 2016). One company that needs could benefit from a good strategy is the McDonalds considering the current emphasis on healthy nutritious foods. As individuals are becoming more cautious of their health, there is need for the McDonalds, which is a reputable international company to know how to maintain its position in reference to the varied nutritional needs of customers. Questions have especially risen about the nutritional fact labels, and even though McDonalds is utilize available resources to maintain its position in customer service, it needs to diversify its competition as demand for fast unhealthy foods might dwindle over time (Gingiss 2014). Therefore, the company should venture into new fields to enhance competition and maintain a unique position in the restaurant industry but including healthy options of food to its menu of fast foods. In addition, it can extend this new product by making home deliveries in view of the fact that the life nowadays is characterized by a beehive of a ctivities, and people are busy striving to make their lives convenient. Business Model Innovation A company should always seek to improve its way of delivering products and services; otherwise, it is bound to fail like has been the case with popular and renowned companies, such as Nokia or Commodore Computers (Gassmann 2013). A company that is progressively seeking to enhance the quality of its products increases customer values and develops a strong brand image for itself. Model innovation is dynamic and it includes various strategies revolving around who, how, value, and what. A company is only able to remain competitive if it can revolutionize its business by learning from what others are doing. A business should always be on the lookout for opportunities through which it can initiate a new business model and undergo the various subsequent processes of ideation, integration, and implementation. As customers strive to get the latest product in the market, a company that does not devise new business model innovation plans time and again loses its value and even though it might h ave good strategies, a poor business model does not give it a competitive edge over its rival companies. Usually, a new business model does not require additional capital; rather, using the very same resources, a company can widen its customer base (Girotra and Netessine 2014). One company that could benefit from business model innovation is Samsung. Despite the fact that it has done well in the past years due to its diverse products; other than phones, Samsung develops tablets, computers and related accessories, and this makes enhances its business model. However, an improved model innovation could enhance their phones, which have a limitation due to the rapidly draining battery to the extent that iPhone tends to override Samsungs phone products (Gurman and Boksenbaum-Granier, 2016). If Samsung can work to resolve the high power drain issue that is characteristics of their phones, they would improve their current position, and their phones would gain more value. In the face of ongoing competition, Nokia failed to revolutionize its business model; hence, as other phone companies created more customer value for their products, Nokia did nothing to stay aloof of the ongoing competition. In the wake of the current level of technology, Nokia can develop a produ ct with the various technologies from the different companies that give each its competitive advantage and integrate a new feature, for example 5G network; thereby, surpassing other products. Trade Opportunities Professor Pankaj Ghemawat uses the CAGE framework to indicate the relations between countries that tend to govern trade. The CAGE framework denotes the cultural, administrative/political, geographic, and economic factors can either deter or reinforce trade relations (Pankaj Ghemawat 2015). This framework can be used to explain the various global trade bodies that are developed with the aim of promoting trade between the countries involved in the formation of these bodies. Often, countries sharing a common language, engaged in agreed upon trade regulations and arrangements, sharing a common border, and having almost the same GDP per capita are more likely to engage in trade relations that other countries that do not share cultural, political, economic, or geographic relationship. One main example is between Africa and Russia. NAFTA comprised of trade agreements between Canada, Mexico, and the United States is enabled by the fact that Canada and Mexico both share a land border with the United States. All the three countries are regarded as profitable countries; hence, they have similar economic benefits that they can use to propel their trade relations without either one country feeling as if it is at a disadvantage (Ghemawat 2007). The concept of operation on the same level is very important because it prevents conflict and exploitation of one country by the other. NAFTA entails countries around America whose cultural orientation is relatively the same, that is, it is characterized by diversity and use of English as a common language to facilitate interaction. Even though the World Trade organization tends to bring different countries across different cultures together, countries have a common understanding in reference to the CAGE framework are more likely to explore and indulge in trade opportunities wi th one another (Schonfeld 2016) References Trefis Team. (2016) How McDonalds is effectively executing its turnaround strategy? Forbes [online]. available from https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2016/05/03/how- mcdonalds-is-effectively-executing-its-turnaround-strategy/#3c3d55cb4c69. Gassmann, O. (2013) Business Model Innovation. [online] available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4ZSGQW0UMI [30 April 2017]. Ghemawat, P. (2007) Redefining Global Strategy: Crossing Borders in a World where Differences still Matter. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Publishing. Girotra, K., and Netessine, S. (2014) Four Paths to Business Model Innovation. Harvard Business Review [online]. available from https://hbr.org/2014/07/four-paths-to-business- model-innovation. Gurman, M., and Boksenbaum-Granier, A. (2016). Exploding Samsung Phones show Perils of Building Better Battery. Bloomberg Technology [online]. available from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-14/users-pushed-for-battery-life-got- exploding-smartphones-instead. Kryscynski, D. (2015) What is strategy? [online] available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TD7WSLeQtVw [29 April 2017]. Pankaj Ghemawat: CAGE Framework for International Trade-Global Matters (2015) [online] available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FpUJaG7uMk [29 April 2017]. Schonfeld, B. (2016) Why the U.S. needs the World Trade Organization. The Washington Post [online]. available from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey- cage/wp/2016/09/20/would-the-u-s-be-better-off-without-the-wto-not-when-the-wto- guides-98-percent-of-global-trade/.

Ratio Analysis AGL and Genesis Energy Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Ratio Analysis for AGL and Genesis Energy Ltd. Answer: Introduction AGL is one of the leading integrated energy companies in Australia. It is one of the companies which do not simply concentrate on profit making. It has been seen over the years that the company has addressed its responsibility towards the society and the environment. AGL has been in the business since 175 years which makes it one of the most experienced and diversified integrated energy companies in Australia. AGL has got its business spread over eastern part of Australia. (AGL, 2015) Genesis Energy Limited is one of the leading companies in New Zealand. The company has vast customer experience. The interest of the company mainly lies in the Kupe Oil and gas fields. They also generate trade electricity, natural gas through their Energy management company. Now the company is one of the leading electricity and gas retailers providing there two retails product which are Genesis Energy and Energy online to more than 650000 customers. (Genesis Energy Limited, 2015) An initial analysis of trends in the items contained in the profit and loss statements, balance sheets and statements of cash flows and relevant ratios AGL Ltd. On analysing the trends in the items contained in Profit and Loss statement of AGL Ltd. many conclusions can be drawn. Starting with the revenue, it can be seen that the revenue has risen for the current year 2.23% which is good. As the revenue even the expenses has risen by 6.5%. By looking at the depreciation and amortisation cost it can be seen that the cost has risen which is because of companys investment in the fixed assets. However even the finance cost of the company has gone up by $7 million as compared to the last year whereas the finance income has fallen by $4 million. As a result, the companys profit before tax has fallen by $423 million i.e. nearly 56% and the profit after tax has fallen by $352 million i.e. appx. 62% which is not so pleasant result for the company. Even though the revenue rose by 2.23% by the expenses off set the benefit and brought the net profit down. (Accounting for management, n.d.) Further moving to Balance Sheet, Looking at the liquid position of the company it can be concluded that the company is at a fair position. The balance shown as cash and cash equivalent has fallen down by around 43%. At the same time current liabilities have risen because of sharp rise in the borrowings made the company which explains the rise in the finance cost of the company. Fixed assets analysis shows that company has made investment in Oil and gas assets and Property plant and equipment. The company is showing positive cash flow from operating activities, investing activities shows negative cash flow. The cash outflow has risen by almost 182 % because of huge investments made by the company in fixed assets in the current year. Overall the company cash flow statement is not as good as last year since it has fallen by almost 44%. Genesis Energy Ltd. Starting with Profit and Loss statement it can be seen that the companys operating revenue has risen by around 5%. Though the companys operating expense ratio has fallen by 1%. There is fall in the companys depreciation, depletion charges. However there is some favourable change in the fair value in the investment which is why the companys net profit has increased by 113%. Rise in net profit boosts the companys earnings per share which is why the companys earnings per share rose by 113%. In Balance sheet of the company current assets classification includes cash and cash equivalent which has decreased along with debtors and inventory which is why total current assets have fallen down. Fall in fixed assets explains that the company must have sold its property, plant equipment and its oil and gas assets. Consequently total assets of the company have fallen down by $101 million. Analysis of current liabilities shows that the company has made short term borrowing and paid off a part of their long term borrowing which is significant change since last year. Overall even the total liabilities have fallen by $46 million. In cash flow statement, cash flow from operating and investing activities shows positive change. Though finance activities have risen by 24% which have impacted the cash flow statement as a whole. Overall the cash and cash equivalents have lowered by 10% as compared to last year. (Accounting for management, n.d.) Ratio Analysis and Comparisons AGL Ltd. The managements performance can be measured using variety of profitability ratio. If the companys financial position is compared with its past year performance, it can be said that current year company has not fared really well. Net Profit ratio measures the overall performance of the company which has fallen in 2015 as it stands 2% as compared to 5% in 2014. (AGL, 2014) The competency of the company in deploying its assets is evident by Return on assets ratio. Presently the company ratio is 1% which has fallen by 3% as compared to last years ratio which was 4%. The current ratio helps in judging the companys liquidity. Current has changed adversely, being 7% down. Quick ratio is more conservative approach to current ratio. The quick ratio has fallen by 6%. There is a favourable change in debt to equity ratio since the ratio stands at 33% in 2015 which was 46% in 2014. Equity ratio, if higher, is always favourable. The equity ratio has risen since 2014 by 2%. Though EPS has fallen dr astically but company compensated by increasing the dividend by 1 cent per share. (AGL, 2015) Genesis Energy Ltd. Both the profitable ratios shows positive change return on assets rose to 3% as compare to 1% in 2014 whereas Net profit margin rose by approximately 3%. Though the Liquidity of the company has lowered since both current ratio and quick ratio has fallen by 23% and 19% respectively. Capital Structure has almost remained unchanged. While market structure has improved since EPS as well as dividend per share has improved as compared to past year.( Genesis Energy, 2015) Comparison of Ratios of the two Companies Profitability ratio of Genesis Energy definitely stands at better position as compared to AGL since current year the companys profit had risen due to favourable change in the fair value of its financial assets. AGL Ltd is more financially strong, since its liquid ratios are much better than its competitors. The capital structure of AGL ltd is better than its competitor since its debt to equity ratio is lower than Genesis which makes it less risky company. Also strong equity ratio is always preferred by the investors which gives AGL another brownie point. Though AGLs EPS is lower than that of Genesis yet the dividend per share offered is more than that of Genesis. EPS is merely depends on the net profit of the company it can be improved by improving the operations of the company. (My Accounting Course, n.d) Conclusion AGL limited is a well-diversified company as compared to Genesis Ltd. The company also stands financially strong when compared to its competitor. The capital structure of the AGL also indicates that it is less risky than its competitor. Though the company is experiencing lower phase as its net profit have fallen but in future it can be increased keeping in mind the future prospects of the company. Also the company has been generous in declaring the dividend in past years. Recommendation Thus it is preferable to invest in AGL Limited keeping in mind the future strategic plan and past performance and highlights of the company. References: Genesis Energy, 2015, Annual Report, [Online], Available at https://www.genesisenergy.co.nz/documents/10180/2699552/Genesis+Energy+Annual+Report+FY2015.pdf/fa13f57b-fd37-4262-9bb2-5c591a55aab3, [Accessed on 27/08/2016] Genesis Energy, 2014, Annual Report, [Online], Available at https://www.genesisenergy.co.nz/documents/10180/14637/Genesis+Energy+Annual+Report+2014.pdf/edc9c47f-237e-4a10-a6c0-c3cedbb2aea9, [Accessed on 27/08/2016] My Accounting Course, n.d., Equity Ratio, [Online] Available at https://www.myaccountingcourse.com/financial-ratios/equity-ratio, [Accessed on 27/08/2016] Accounting for management, n.d., Horizontal analysis (Trend Analysis) of financial statement, [Online], Available at https://www.accountingformanagement.org/horizontal-analysis-of-financial-statements/, [Accessed on 27/08/2016] AGL, 2015, Annual Report, [Online], Available at https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/media-centre/article-list/2015/august/agl-annual-report-2015, [Accessed on 27/08/2016] AGL, 2014, Annual Report, Available at https://www.agl.com.au/-/media/AGL/About-AGL/Documents/Media-Center/ASX-and-Media-Releases/2014/140917_annualReport1364569.pdf?la=en, [Accessed on 27/08/2016] D K Singhal, 2015, Financial Management, Available at Offline, [Accessed on 27/08/2016] Business Finance online, n.d., Ratio Analysis, [Online], Available at https://www.zenwealth.com/businessfinanceonline/RA/RatioAnalysis.html, [Accessed on 27/08/2016]

Sample Essay About My Christianity

Sample Essay About My ChristianityThe great way to prove that you have not only tested your knowledge, but your genuine thoughts is by writing a sample essay about my Christianity. Let's take a look at some of the main reasons why this test can help you shine as a scholar and a Christian in today's age.You can prepare a sample essay about my Christianity with ease because you are doing it for yourself. This means that you do not have to turn to others to write a piece for you. You are actually doing this for yourself and this can really be a good way to learn a lot about what you need to know about your Christian faith.This sample essay that you have prepared will not only help you a lot, but it will also serve to inform your reader about what your intent is. It is important to note that your objective is to produce an accurate account of your faith and that you are looking to turn your reader into a believer of your faith. So if you are not looking to convert anyone, then you will w ant to make sure that the essay you have written is very direct and to the point. Be sure to get it right the first time.There are many different samples that you can choose from so you should certainly be able to find a sample essay about my Christianity that is very in-depth and includes information on the history of the faith. It would also help to include the summary of your aim and that you are not interested in proselytizing.The key with any sample essay about my Christianity is that it must be well written. There are a lot of sample essays that you can find online so you should definitely be able to find one that suits your needs. What makes your selection very important is that it must be written to perfection. If you are having trouble with it, do not hesitate to contact someone who has written sample essays about your Christianity.Writing a sample essay about my Christianity is just one way of proving to the world that you are a scholar, a Christian, and a member of the Ch ristian faith. Another way that you can prove that you belong to all of these groups is by testing out a practice in your community that has been adopted by Christians for centuries. You will be surprised how many people will not only accept your choice of your Christian faith, but also how they will look up to you.Writing a sample essay about my Christianity is a great way to prove to others that you are interested in Christian beliefs. If you want to win people over with your Christian belief, then this is an excellent way to do it. This is also an opportunity for you to get out there and share your faith.

Global Communications And Technology Essays - Media Technology

Global Communications And Technology The concept of a "global village" or a united community around the world has only in these last few years become a concept widely thought of. However, it seems that the idea of a large-scale sharing of information has long been developing, whether intended or not. The tools of communication have long served a single purpose, that of transmitting information from people to people. Direct communication was long ago realized with sign language and speech, but when people spread out, a kind indirect communication was needed. Thus we created (or rather, hired) the messenger. (Necessity is the mother of invention.) This evolved later into a postal service, connected around the world by a network of synchronised offices of a similar nature. For a long time, indirect communication was the only way to communicate over long distances. Once the telegraph came along, however, people were able to instantly communicate information over long distances. This evolved somewhat into the telephone, which spawned the radio and television. As these were developed, the efficiency and clarity of these transmissions improved, and this allowed the world to know what was happening anywhere else in the world at any given time. At this same time, programmable computers were finally coming to be used. Information was input to these machines and stored on tapes that could be put onto different computers to be run. This paralleled postal mail in a form of indirect communication. However, computers were also already based in intercommunication, because computers are systems of smaller functioning devices connected to perform a function or process. The evolution of computers' communicating then evolved by extending direct connections between these large systems, sharing information. With the invention of the modem, computers could communicate piggybacking a system that people already used. As the modem developed, communications speeds increased. The state of convergence began when people were communicating increased types of information through these computers. First program data, statistics, stock market quotes, news, specific interest information, and finally personal information. Computers became a method of communication within themselves. The increased usage of modems for things like e-mail and on-line forums came about even before the Internet. Bulletin Board Systems (BBSs) had a short-lived but popular life in the years leading up to the many commercial Internet providers we see today. As communication increased in popularity in this on-line form, companies became conscious of these opportunities and began to advertise on-line. This mark a point of acceleration, because once Corporate America finds an opportunity to turn a profit, then almost anything can become a growth industry. BBSs became more elaborate with colourful interfaces, developed their own client software for ease of use, and formed networks of several bulletin boards permanently connected to provide an increased realm of communication. This concept of large interconnected networks brought recognition to the long established government networks such as ARPA-Net, and those used with universities and libraries to exchange information. When these were combined, they formed massive networks circling the globe, which provided for long distance communication between computers instantaneously. Commercial ?providers' spawned, giving access to this network to individuals from the comfort of their homes. As the technology evolved, such as in the development of HTTP and HTML, the Internet became easy to use and appealed to people other than those highly experienced with computers. To simplify the experience even further, companies tried to cut out the computer in the equation, shaping technologies like E-mail capable cell phones and WebTV. Conversely, as people were able to use TVs for the internet, TV cable companies began to use their massive house-to-house networks.

Martin Luther King and Malcolm X essays

Martin Luther King and Malcolm X essays Martin Luther King and Malcolm X - Two Views, One Cause Many black authors and leaders of the sixties shared similar feelings towards the white run American society in which they lived. Malcolm X, James Baldwin, Martin Luther King, and Stokely Carmichael all blamed the whites for the racism which existed. However, they agreed that it was up to the black society to end this problem. Using the black society, each of the authors had their own idea of how racism could be stopped. Unfortunately, for some, such as Malcolm X, this involved the use of violence, while others, such as King, favored the non-violent approach. This paper will focus, for the most part, on Malcolm X and King because they are both strong representations of two different approaches to a common goal. Perhaps their different approaches of violence and nonviolence stem from their original opinions of how capable the whites are Not all of the whites involved in the problem of racism supported it. Some were actually trying to help fight for the blacks. Unfortunately, it took Malcolm X a long time to figure that out. Malcolm's paper, "The Ballot or the Bullet," makes that clear. In his paper, he is constantly criticizing whites as a whole. He does not consider, even for a moment, that a white could actually support equality for all men. "Usually, it's the white man who grins at you the most, and pats you on the back, and is supposed to be your friend. He may be friendly, but he's not your friend" However, in a later work of his, "1965," one can see that Malcolm was learning to accept whites as possible allies. I tried in every speech I made to clarify my new position regarding white people - 'I don't speak against the sincere, well meaning, good white people. I have learned that there are some. I have learned that not all white people are racists' (367). ...

Literary Analysis Of White Teeth By Zadie Smith Essay

Literary Analysis Of White Teeth By Zadie Smith - Essay Example She is currently a Fellow at Harvard University in the US. Our children will be born of our actions. Our accidents will become their destinies. Oh, the actions will remain. It is a simple matter of what you will do when the chips are down, my friend. When the fat lady is singing. When the walls are falling in, and the sky is dark, and the ground is rumbling. In that moment our actions will define us. And it makes no difference whether you are being watched by Allah, Jesus, Buddha, or whether you are not. On cold days a man can see his breath, on a hot day he can't. On both occasions, the man breathes. -Zadie Smith, White Teeth If World War II and the knowledge of oppression it represents are absent from all too many postcolonial studies, fifty-five years after its ending, the event and its lingering effects have found a critical position in the remarkable novel White Teeth, by Zadie Smith, Britain's most celebrated postcolonial prodigy. In White Teeth, the last days of that war mark the beginning of an escape from the nightmare of belonging to someone else and chart a journey to somewhere else. White Teeth proclaims a declaration of independence not only from the haunting and constraining memory of the war's catastrophes and racist oppression, but from the very idea of belonging. After centuries of colonial oppression and decades of postcolonial depression and anger, White Teeth imagines the grand finale of Empire as the construction of a multicultural, multiclass British bazaar. Acknowledging its colonial history and debt to postcolonial studies, the novel creates a set of unanticipated mutating connectio ns among historical and imagined events and identities interwoven among first-, second-, and third-generation postcolonial citizens of Britain. (Mike Storry, Peter Childs 53) The end of World War II meets the creation of a new Britain when a younger generation seizes the monocultural ground of Englishness on which their racialized conditions originated. As this younger generation remaps the future of their interrelated history, the narrative and political effects of their takeover represent a response not only to postcolonial critics, but to British women writing the end of Empire. Born in 1975, of a Jamaican mother and English father, in the epicenter of "British racism of the 1970s and 1980s, "Zadie Smith writes White Teeth as a rebellion against her confinement in the role of marginalized victim in an ongoing history of oppression. Neither she nor her characters will accept their places as objects of an interminable and global racist plot. (Nasta 11) Instead, she insists that "her own education at a comprehensive school and then at Cambridge shows that"life changes, my family is a picture of change"). The novel's hyperkinetic romp across interracial, multiethnic London veers from the marriage of working-class Englishman Archie Jones to biracial Jamaican Clara, from his friendship with his Bengali Muslim army mate, Samad Iqbal, to their children's entanglements with the Jewish Chalfen family. As their children hip-hop unimpeded through London's jumble of social and cultural identities, White Teeth understands, toys with, and then refuses inclusion in the "official racism of Britain in the 1970s". These characters and the whole of White Teeth will not play into the hands of Enoch Powell's racist rhetoric-"the triumph of barbarism over civilization". Powell's rallying cry against the postwar waves of postcolonial immigration reverses that slogan used by colonial conquerors and also by the Allies in their war against Nazi conquest-th e triumph of civilization over barbarism. But Powell's slogan also exposes what all

Law for Business Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Law for Business Case - Essay Example The point of perfection in a contract of sale has to be distinguished from the point of perfection in other contracts. For instance, in a pawn or pledge, the owner of the thing has to deliver the personal property to be pawned or pledged as is commonly understood even in layman terms.5 Hence, if X tells Y that the former wants to borrow money from the latter with a pawn or pledge of a gold ring as security, the contract of pawn or pledge is perfected when X physically brings the gold ring to Y. Going back to sale, since it is a consensual contract, any loss of, or damage caused unto, the thing or object is to be borne by the buyer after the perfection of the contract. In the illustration given above, let it be presumed that it was Monday when A makes the offer to sell and when B accepts it. On Tuesday, C steals the car. Under that circumstance, the legal implications will be that B suffers the loss and his recourse is not against A but against C whom he (B) can run after for the car-napping or theft. For further ramification, let it be supposed that B asks A to deliver the car to him (B) and A thus drives the car from his (A's) house to the place designated by B. While on the way, the car is hit by a lightning. In that case, B still shoulders the loss. What if, on the way, A bumps a tree because of his negligence and the car is destroyed Who suffers the loss In that case, A suffers the loss. The reason for the latter does not have any bearing anymore as to whether or not the contract of sale was perfected. Instead, A shoulders the loss because of his negligence in delivering the car to B and A's liability is founded on the principles of common law on torts and damages. In the case at bar, Toys4U Ltd became the owner of the merchandise when Megastores accepted the order. Under the general rule, therefore, Toys4U Ltd should be the one to shoulder the loss of all the three damaged toys. In the present situation, it is not so. Megastores is liable for the loss of the two toys which were damaged by the fork lift truck operator while still in the custody of Megastores. This liability is anchored on the fact that the damage was caused by the negligence or imprudence of the fork lift truck operator of Megastores. Under the legal precept of respondeat superior, the liability of the servant is the liability of the master. That is the universal rule on one who acts through another.6 Stated in another way, the responsibility of the employee is the responsibility of the employer. As to the third toy which was damaged in transit, Megastores is not liable for the same. As mentioned earlier, Toys4U Ltd became the owner of the goods when it placed the order for th e toys and accepted by Megastores. From thence, Toys4U Ltd shoulders any loss or damage. As mentioned above, it has to be noted that the general rule is that the buyer shoulders the loss if the same is sustained after the perfection of the contract. There can however be conditions which the parties may agree on. For example, John offers to sell his gun to Henry. Henry accepts the offer on the condition that John delivers the specific pistol on Monday evening at his (Henry's) residence and that upon receipt of the firearm, he (Henry) pays John.

Intelligence Led Policing Models

Intelligence Led Policing Models The objective of this syndicate research work is to find out that. Has police ordinance 2002 fulfilled its objectives? What are the missing and gaps in its conceptual framework and implementation process? Why community policing system has been left out of the ordinance? And will it contribute negatively or positively?This is basically aimed at analyzing the success or failure if the ordinance with special reference to its stated objectives.Further,this research work digs out the gaps between the real concept of the ordinance and its implementation?Besides,this study also finds out that for what reasons,one of the important policing systems-community policing system-has not been focused upon in the ordinance?More importantly and lastly,this research work analysis whether the ordinance has been story of success or failure by ignoring the essential element of community policing system in the police ordinance 2002? POLICING MODELS Intelligence-led policing (ILP) is a policing model that has emerged in recent years which is built around risk assessment and risk management. Although there is no universally accepted understanding of what intelligence-led policing entails the leading definition is that ILP is a strategic, future-oriented and targeted approach to crime control, focusing upon the identification, analysis and management of persisting and developing problems or risks. In simpler terms, it is a model of policing in which intelligence serves as a guide to operations, rather than the reverse. Calls for intelligence-led policing originated in the 1990s, both in Britain and in the United States. In the U.S. Mark Rieblings 1994 book Wedge The Secret War between the FBI and CIA spotlighted the conflict between law enforcement and intelligence, and urged cops to become more like spies. Intelligence-led policing gained considerable momentum globally following the September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States. It is now advocated by the leading police associations in North America and the UK. Although claimed as a policing framework that builds on earlier paradigms, including community policing, problem-oriented policing, and continuous improvement or partnership models of policing, it originated as a rejection of the reactive, crime focus of community policing with calls for police to spend more time employing informants and surveillance to combat recidivist offenders. Recently, intelligence-led policing has undergone a revisionist expansion to allow incorporation of reassurance and neighbourhood policing. United Kingdom Intelligence-led policing in the UK has been applied as a specialized police practice involving the identification and targeting of high-rate, chronic offenders and devising strategic interventions based on that intelligence.ILP originated as a problem-oriented strategy in the Kent and Northumbria Constabularies in combating motor vehicle theft and other property crime. Kent prioritized its calls for service, placing less priority on minor service calls and referring them to other agencies, which in turn provided police with more time to focus on the property crimes. Rather than reactively responding to individual incidents, a systematic analysis was conducted of offenses that identified a pattern showing that a small number of offenders were responsible for a disproportionately large number of motor vehicle thefts in the area. Also identified were repeat victims and problem areas. Using this knowledge to formulate a response, police could soon boast a significant drop in the automobile theft rate. Since 2000, ILP has been enshrined in Britain as the philosophy underpinning the National Intelligence Model. United States The post-9/11 environment in the US, the era of Homeland Security for American policing,[8] has increased demands for law enforcement to build global partnerships and to work more closely with local agencies to expand the capacity of the state to fight both crime and terrorism. Given the belief that 9/11 and other terrorist attacks could have been prevented if not for intelligence failures, a key difference with intelligence-led policing from earlier strategies is that intelligence is no longer considered a specialized function for crime analysts or intelligence units. Investigations following bombings of the rail systems in Madrid and London and the arrest of suspected terrorists in Canada, Britain, and Florida suggested that intelligence culled from a variety of sources and through strengthened inter-agency cooperation may be the key to identifying suspects and successfully intervening to prevent attacks. On March 16, 2005, Department of Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff outlined a risk-based approach to homeland security threats, vulnerabilities, and consequences when he said, Risk management must guide our decision-making as we examine how we can best organize to prevent, respond, and recover from an attack . . . . Our strategy is, in essence, to manage risk in terms of these three variables threat, vulnerability, consequence. We seek to prioritize according to these variables, to fashion a series of preventive and protective steps that increase security at multiple levels. In 2006 Mark Riebling of the Center for Policing Terrorism published a doctrine on Intelligence-Led Policing. Rieblings model leverages both Israeli counter-terrorist tactics, and the NYPDs Broken Windows policing theories. Among the Broken-Windows mechanisms, Rieblings doctrine blends problem solving, environmental design, community policing, and public-private partnerships. Analyzing the operations of the Israeli National Police in Tel Aviv, Riebling notes approvingly that investigation of the incident, even a traffic accident, is secondary to the number one goal-which is gathering intelligence. For instance, when they raided a bordello, where the patrons were primarily Arabs from different parts of the region, Israeli police were less concerned about the criminal activity, than with preparing intelligence reports on who these people were, and how they got into Israel. Issues Intelligence-led policing is still in its early stages and therefore lacks a universal conceptual framework that can be applied to disparate contexts as the new policing paradigm. Implementation can also be difficult, because it requires police managers to have faith in the intelligence process and in the judgments and recommendations of their intelligence staff. Some have also questioned whether the foundational ingredient intelligence has been properly considered, pointing out there is already information overload that police and security professionals have to contend with from the huge databanks that have been built up in the intelligence process, and that increasing raw data is not the same as generating knowledge or actionable intelligence. Finally, intelligence-led policing is part of the larger trend of blurring the distinction between national security and domestic policing, or the states military and police functions, and risks the same perils that have tarnished policing in the past, such as political interference, violating civil liberties, and a greater potential for the abuse of police power with the increased secrecy that intelligence work entails. The Community Policing Organizational Change Ideally, community policing should be adopted organization-wide and be reflected through department participation at all levels as well as through the organizations mission, goals, objectives, performance evaluations, hiring and promotion practices, training, and all other systems that define organizational culture and activities. One of the most important specific aspects of organizational change relevant to community policing is a flattened organizational structure. Community policing departments are often less hierarchical, supporting managements dispersion of decision-making authority to the lowest organizational level and holding those individuals accountable for the outcomes. A second important element of organizational change is fixed geographic responsibility. Officers or deputies are assigned to fixed geographic areas for extended periods, based on social and cultural considerations and on the assumption that this fosters better communication with residents; increases the po lice officers ability to understand, prevent, and respond to community problems; and enhances accountability to the citizens in that area. Problem Solving Community policing departments also actively address the underlying conditions that give rise to or facilitate crime or disorder in an effort to prevent future problems by identifying and analyzing problems and by developing tailored strategies that may include traditional and nontraditional responses that focus on deterring offenders, protecting likely victims, and making locations less conducive to crime and disorder. Departments should use a wide array of relevant traditional and nontraditional data sources to better understand and evaluate the nature of problems and work in conjunction with the community and other organizations to develop effective long-term solutions. Problem solving often manifests itself in the scanning, analysis, response and assessment problem-solving model. Departments first identify relevant or perceived crime problems (scanning), determine the nature and underlying conditions that give rise to those problems (analysis), craft and implement interventions t hat are linked to that analysis (response), and evaluate its effectiveness (assessment). The process is understood as continually involving feedback among the components. For instance, through in-depth analysis, agencies may come to define problems differently, effectively returning to the scanning phase. Likewise, an assessment may determine that a response was ineffective and that the problem requires additional analysis. External Partnerships Under a community policing philosophy, departments partner with other government, social service, and community agencies in attempts to identify and address persistent problems in the community. They form external partnerships in recognition of other agencies unique strengths, tools, and expertise that can be leveraged when addressing community problems. The police are only one of a host of local government agencies responsible for responding to community problems. Under community policing, coordination with other government agencies in developing comprehensive and effective solutions is essential. In addition, the police are encouraged to develop working partnerships with civic and community groups to accurately survey community needs and priorities and to use the public as a resource in problem solving and in developing and implementing interventions. Community Policing and Terrorism Prevention and Response Organizational Change A flat organizational structure may ensure more effective terrorist prevention and response. It has been demonstrated that local law enforcement officers are likely to come into contact with those who may be directly or indirectly involved in terrorist activities and most certainly will be among the first responders to any future terrorist attack. Empowering officers at lower levels with decision-making authority and familiarizing them with making (and taking responsibility for) important decisions could be of value in any crisis. In a terrorist event, there may be little time for decisions to move up the chain of command. Officers who are accustomed to making decisions and retaining authority may be better prepared to respond quickly and decisively to any event. In addition, in terms of prevention, developing a flat organizational structure can help lower-level officers feel free to pursue leads or suspected terrorist activity. In addition, having fixed geographic responsibility may assist officers in identifying possible terrorist threats. Officers who work in a community or neighborhood for an extended time can develop specific intelligence concerning resident and community activities. This street-level knowledge is a vital part of counter-intelligence efforts. Problem Solving Problem-solving models are well suited to preventing and responding to terrorist activity. Departments can use many existing data sources ahead of time to develop detailed risk management and crisis plans. Identifying potential terrorist targets in local jurisdictions is an important first step. Police can determine what in their jurisdictions (dams, electric grids, chemical warehouses, large-scale public gatherings) are potential terrorist targets. Community policing encourages agencies to conduct complex analyses of the possible threats and of their relative likelihood of occurring. Finally, agencies in conjunction with other government, social, and community entities can develop detailed crisis prevention and response plans. Finally, the community policing model encourages continual refinement of these plans to suit changing conditions and threat levels. External Partnerships The threat of terrorism provides a unique opportunity to create partnerships with citizens, other government organizations, and other law enforcement agencies. Prior apathy toward these partnerships that may have existed is often reduced by the presence of terrorist targets and threats. Recent terrorist events and associated concerns may have created a sense of uneasiness and urgency in many communities. The specter of additional terrorist activity has created an opportunity to galvanize local police to work with their communities, other law enforcement agencies, and local, state, and federal entities. The community policing model encourages the development of such ongoing and effective partnerships, which can be invaluable in preventing terrorist activity because of increased opportunities for intelligence gathering and sharing. They can also be central to developing coordinated responses to any actual terrorist events. Community policing encourages agencies to establish and expand upon existing partnerships with a goal of developing model crisis plans and processes to deal with the aftermath of terrorist incidents. These plans and processes would consider the needs and concerns of all community stakeholders. Law enforcement and local government can come together with community partners to develop a plan on how to prepare for such a crisis, what to do in the event of such a crisis, and how to cope with its aftermath. Community Policing and Fear of Terrorism By definition, the primary goal of terrorism is to create fear and an atmosphere of uncertainty. This fear can greatly affect the quality of life of many individuals, extending far beyond those who are directly affected by a terrorist event. In the United States the police have increasingly been asked to address the fear of crime generally. The expansion of their role to include quality of life and partnerships with citizens, as emphasized by the community policing philosophy, has increasingly brought fear of crime under the purview of police professionals. As A. Steven Dietz stated in Evaluating Community Policing, Reduction of fear of crime has been associated with community policing programs since their inception. It is clear that reducing fear of crime has become an essential element and an often explicitly articulated goal of community policing. Thus, community policing finds itself well positioned to deal with issues of fear that can arise as a direct result of terrorist activi ty. In addition, dealing directly with citizen fear of crime is important, as unchecked fear of terrorism (or feelings of revenge) can manifest itself in hate crimes and illegal bigotry targeted particularly at people who are Muslim and of Middle Eastern descent. These are important social problems that law enforcement should be prepared to respond to and prevent. Organizational Change Adoption of the community policing philosophy partly involves reengineering department processes and resources away from randomness and reactivity and toward information- and service-driven community-based approaches. Police officers are often assigned to specific geographic areas to foster communication with residents and are accountable to those residents and their superiors for the safety and well-being of that area. Other aspects of the agency are realigned to support the most fundamental focus of all activities, the beat. As a result of this emphasis, police officers should be more attuned to rising levels of community concern and fear and, by virtue of the relationships they have established within the community, be in a position to respond effectively to those needs and concerns. Community policing has been found to engender trust and increased satisfaction among residents for the police, which in periods of heightened unrest can be parlayed into dealing more effectively with community fear that can be based on both rational and irrational concerns. Problem Solving Community policing encourages a deeper understanding of the fear that may result from terrorist events. The first step is to determine whether fear is a problem in the community and to determine the extent of the problem. Police can conduct citizen interviews, surveys, and face-to-face interactions to determine levels of citizen fear. Then they can analyze the underlying conditions that give rise to or encourage fear. Perhaps it is a result of a specific terrorist-related fear such as living near what is perceived to be a potential terrorist target, or the fear may involve fear for loved ones who reside in high-threat areas. Finally, perhaps the fear is a more general fear of terrorism. In any event, law enforcement should work to understand the extent and nature of fear in their community if they want to develop effective responses. Law enforcement should then work in partnership with other community groups to develop responses aimed at decreasing levels of fear if they are negatively affecting quality of life and are determined to be highly exaggerated. Community policing efforts to deal with citizen fear of crime have included foot and vehicle patrols in high-crime neighborhoods, as well as community meetings, citizen patrols, neighborhood cleanup programs, opening neighborhood substations, and citizen awareness campaigns. Clearly, citizen fear of terrorist events is somewhat different than fear of crime generally. However, some of the same techniques may also be useful for reducing this type of fear. For example, citizen awareness campaigns can inform citizens about what the local police and city government are doing to prevent and prepare for possible terrorist events. Crisis response plans can be discussed in addition to general prevention activities. Citizens can be informed about what they themselves can do-such as preparing emergency survival kits for their own homes-to prepare for possible terrorist events and can be informed of evacuation routes to use in the event of a large-scale disaster. Finally, law enforcement agencies should assess the effectiveness of any fear-reduction efforts and modify their responses accordingly. External Partnerships The emphasis on building strong community partnerships encouraged by a community policing philosophy may also help reduce citizen fear of terrorist events. These partnerships may be able to directly reduce fear by increasing citizen feelings of efficacy, increasing the bond among neighbors themselves, and involving citizens in prevention and preparedness activities. Encouraging citizen involvement in neighborhood watch, youth education, and cleanup programs can increase social cohesion among citizens and has been found to result in decreased fear of crime. It is likely that these increasing feelings of efficacy in response to terrorist events may have similar effects. Citizens can be involved to differing degrees in prevention and preparedness discussions. Traditional Policing Historically, local law enforcement in the 1930s and 1940s was characterized by the beat cop, who knew every resident and business owner in an assigned area. Likewise, this officer became aware almost immediately when a crime occurred and generally found out quickly from members of the community who committed it. This timely apportionment of justice helped to create a strong bond between members of the community and the officers who patrolled their districts. However, this policing model harbored significant drawbacks. Officers often gained appointments through corrupt political deals, were poorly trained, and rarely displayed a professional appearance or demeanor. PROFESSIONAL POLICING MODEL As a result, the 1960s and 1970s saw the dawn of the professional policing model. These new officers used the most up-to-date technologysuch as high-speed cruisers, forensic laboratories, mobile radios, and 911 emergency systemsto serve the sprawling suburban environment that came to characterize much of the American landscape. Considering the vast areas covered by a limited number of officers, response times were exceptionally quick. Such areas as recruiting practices, training, and professionalism were vastly improved. But the professional policing model possessed its own inherent shortcomings. Officers became less a part of the communities they served. In fact, they were intentionally placed outside of the community as a reaction to the potential for corruption that existed in prior policing models. And, even though response times were exceptional, calls for police service still brought officers to the scene after a crime had been committed. This incident-oriented policing model placed an impressive array of resources at officers disposal to locate offenders, but made little attempt to reduce actual crime numbers. COMMUNITY-ORIENTED POLICING MODEL Community-oriented policing combines the familiarity, trust, and sense of ownership characterized by the beat cop with the professionalism and expertise of the professional policing model. Officers working in this mode conduct their patrols from a problem-oriented, rather than incident-oriented, perspective. Accordingly, the focus becomes preventiverather than reactivepolice work. Officers involved in community-oriented policing have access to residents on a personal level, which helps to build a better relationship between the community and the police department. Residents see the police as more than just anonymous blue suits driving down the street in patrol cars. The community is more involved with the officers, and in turn, becomes the eyes and ears of the department in the neighborhood.