Triandis definition of culture Essays

Triandis definition of culture Essays Triandis definition of culture Paper Triandis definition of culture Paper Culture, in sociology and social anthropology, is the beliefs, behavior, language, and entire way of life of a particular group of people at a particular time. Culture includes customs, ceremonies, works of art, inventions, technology, and traditions. Triandis definition of Culture: 1Culture is a set of human-made objective and subjective elements that in the past have increased the probability of survival and resulted in satisfaction for the participants in an ecological niche, and thus became shared among those who could communicate with each other because they had a common language and they lived in the same time and place. 1 2British anthropologist Edward Burnett Tylor defines culture as that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. Many other definitions of culture have been offered, but by and large all refer to shared systems of values and behavior. 2 All human brings create culture, it is a pattern of ways of responding to basic needs such as food, shelter, clothing family, organization, religion, government and social structures. Each culture posses its own particular traditions, value and ideals. Judgment of what is wrong right or wrong, good or bad, acceptable or taboo are based on cultural values. Culture is the result of all the daily discussions and negotiations between people. They are frequently agreeing (sometimes openly, usually tacitly) about the proper way to do things and how to make meanings about the events of the world around them. If you want to change a culture you have to change all these conversations-or at least the majority of them. Sources: 1 olemiss. edu/courses/psy561/lect0_files/frame. htm 2 Culture Defined, Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2000. 1993-1999 Microsoft Corporation. 3People learn culture. Many qualities of human life are transmitted geneticallyan infants desire for food, for example, is triggered by physiological characteristics determined within the human genetic code. An adults specific desire for milk and cereal in the morning, on the other hand, cannot be explained genetically; rather, it is a learned (cultural) response to morning hunger. Culture, as a body of learned behaviors common to a given human society, acts rather like a template (ie. it has predictable form and content), shaping behavior and consciousness within a human society from generation to generation. So culture resides in all learned behavior and in some shaping template or consciousness prior to behavior as well (that is, a cultural template can be in place prior to the birth of an individual person). 3 4According to the American Heritage English Dictionary, the definition of culture is: The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought. 4 Status: 5Status is a socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others. status can be formal as well as informal. Formal statuses are those given in form of a designation for example in an organization such as manager. Informal will include those, which exists outside the organization or even within but less important than the formal one. 5 Sources: 3 wsu. edu:8001/vcwsu/commons/topics/culture/culture-definition. html 4 wsu. edu:8001/vcwsu/commons/topics/culture/glossary/culture. html 5Stephen P Robbins, Organizational Behavior, 7th edition. Five Different Cultural Approaches. Universalism vs. Particularism. Universalists are more rule based and particularists are relationship based. In paritcularists approach more attention and importance is given to relationships. People in Universalists culture believe that general rules, codes, values and standards take are more important than particular needs and claims of friends and relations. Particularistic cultures see the ideal culture in terms of friendly relationships. They focus more on relationships. Individualism vs. Collectivism. In individualistic culture people place the individual before the society. They are expected to make decisions by themselves. In a particularistic culture, the quality of life for all members of society is seen as directly reliant on opportunities for individual freedom and development. The community is judged by the extent to which it serves the interest of individual members. In a collectivist culture people place the community before the individual. In collectivist culture people are expected to act in such a way that it serves the society. The individual is judged by the extent to which he serves the interest of the society. Achievement vs. Ascription. Achievement means people are judged on what they have recently achieved or accomplished. Ascription means that status is attributed to you by things like birth, kinship, gender, age, interpersonal connections, or educational record. Achieved status refers to doing, ascribed status refers to being. Achievement-oriented societies or organizations justify their hierarchies by claiming that senior people have achieved more. In ascription-oriented cultures, however, hierarchies are justified by power-to-get-things-done. Neutral vs. Emotional.

How to Revise Bullet Lists for Grammatical Consistency

How to Revise Bullet Lists for Grammatical Consistency How to Revise Bullet Lists for Grammatical Consistency How to Revise Bullet Lists for Grammatical Consistency By Mark Nichol Bullet lists distinguished from numbered lists in that they do not imply a priority or chronology in the order in which the list items appear are useful for when a list becomes too unwieldy to be formatted in line (within a sentence), but just as in a sentence’s in-line list, the bullet list’s grammatical structure should be coherent. Here are three bullet lists I obtained from a job listing (a format that frequently exhibits grammatical infelicities and thus amuses job-seeking wordsmiths attuned to irony), each followed by a syntactically sound revision: 1. Original â€Å"This position is responsible for: Writing and/or editing in all media Assures quality for engaging audience Coordinates flow of information to achieve news cycle deadlines Creative Designer Contributes to high-performing teamwork Continuously seeks and applies learning to enhance skills and performances† 1. Revision â€Å"This position is responsible for writing and/or editing in all media assuring quality for engaging the audience coordinating flow of information to achieve news-cycle deadlines creatively designing presentation of content contributing to high-performing teamwork continuously seeking and applying learning to enhance skills and performances† Note that the colon in the introductory phrase has been omitted because the bullet-list items consecutively complete that phrase; it’s incorrect whether in line or in a bullet list to write, â€Å"This position is responsible for: writing and/or editing in all media . . . .† (It is acceptable to follow each bullet list item with a comma, with the conjunction and following the next-to-last comma, and include a period after the last item, which more accurately replicates an in-line list’s structure, but these additions are superfluous.) Most important, however, the verb(s) in each item now take an identical inflectional ending (-ing). The list could also, by revision of the introductory phrase, allow a simple verb form (-s), requiring alteration only of the verb form of the first item and an extension of â€Å"Creative Designer† into a complete thought: â€Å"The content manager writes and/or edits in all media† (etc.) 2. Original â€Å"Job Requirements: Applicants should have at least three years of daily newspaper copy editing and design experience. Exceptional Writing Proficiency Strong Proofreading and editing skills Experience in page design and layout on pagination systems like Quark or InDesign. Must understand that journalists are held to a higher standard and must follow strict ethical rules, such as not accepting gifts from sources; not putting political bumper stickers on their cars; etc. all outlined in The New York Times Co.s ethical policies. Knowledge of best practices in page design, typography, use of space and photography. 2. Revision â€Å"Applicants must have at least three years of daily newspaper copyediting and design experience, exceptional writing proficiency, strong proofreading and editing skills, experience in page design and layout on pagination systems like Quark or InDesign, and knowledge of best practices in page design, typography, use of space, and photography. Applicants must also understand that journalists are held to a higher standard and must follow strict ethical rules such as not accepting gifts from sources and not putting political bumper stickers on their cars all outlined in The New York Times Co.’s ethical policies.† The original introductory phrase is correctly punctuated because it is a fragment that sets up but is not syntactically continuous with each of the items that follow it. However, the items are inconsistent as to whether they are phrases or complete sentences and in terminal punctuation. In my revision, I created a new introductory phrase that can apply to all bullet list items (except the one about ethical rules, which I broke out as a separate paragraph because of its length and nonparallel structure and note the revision of its own in-line list), and I lowercased several words that were gratuitously capitalized. This scheme now matches that of the first bullet list with one exception: Here, for illustration, I have included optional internal punctuation in the bullet list, which I discussed but recommended against in my annotation of the previous example. 3. Original We are looking for candidates who have the following qualities: Quality Orientation Strong Work Standards Exceptional Communication Skills Ability to manage work Contributing to team success Proven decision making skills Building strategic working relationships Active Learning 3. Revision â€Å"We are looking for candidates who have the following qualities: quality orientation strong work standards exceptional communication skills ability to manage work desire to contribute to team success proven decision-making skills aptitude for building strategic working relationships active learning† This list was easier to fix: The introductory phrase, which comes to a halt, is correctly punctuated, and the items were mostly consistent in their phrase form. (Inconsistency in grammatical form between one list and another in a piece of content is acceptable, but lists should be internally consistent.) I simply removed unnecessary capitalization and rephrased two of the items to describe qualities rather than actions. For more tips about bullet lists, check out this post, and search the site for â€Å"lists† and â€Å"bullet lists† to find others. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Examples of Passive Voice (And How To Fix Them)The Possessive ApostropheThe Difference Between "Shade" and "Shadow"

Management Process Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management Process - Case Study Example Quoting The Guardian "In spite of the recession, and in contrast to rivals like Marks and Spencer and Debenhams, the company could report a 20% increase in sales to 2.3bn, for the year to the end of September." Primark has been flexible in understanding its customers' needs and offering them the latest at affordable prices. The company has been open to expansions and acquisitions. It has 193 outlets today, all over U.K and Europe, not to mention the parent country of Ireland. When its rival BhS wound up its operations in Ireland, in 1992, Primark was quick to seize the opportunity and set up a 50,000sq ft showroom in the upmarket area of O'Connell Street, Dublin. In 1995, it bought out BhS's One-Up discount chain and in 1999, it acquired 11 stores from Co-Op. In 2005, the company acquired 6 stores from 'Allders'. According to Sarah Segal, Primark is a high street retailer that has a line of brands and focuses on buying, logistics and supply chain management rather than branding, when compared to its peers like TK Maxxx. The buying team from Ireland and U.K travels worldwide to acquaint itself with fashion trends and look for inexpensive suppliers. Computerized customs clearance helps the company achieve speed to market. Dedicated warehousing and distribution facilities also help reduce time and cost for the movement of goods in the supply chain. New fashion trends have been copied quickly and thus products have reached their stores before the competitors. After carefully selecting the new fashion designs that would appeal to the target consumer, the company is quick to add stocks when these items are in high demand. Constantly updated records of daily sale and stock information sent to the warehouses helps in restocking fast selling items immediately. Quality While the company claims itself as a no frills seller, it has never compromised on the quality of the finished product. "Style, quality and affordable prices" are the attributes associated with Primark. Value for money is the idea behind this retailer's success. When a company can grow by leaps and bounds the way Primark has since its inception 1969 and continue to make profits much above the industry average even in times of recession, it speaks volumes about the quality of the products sold. It is hard to imagine that such a huge retailer does not need support through advertising campaigns. Obviously, the quality has to be so good that the company can sell products like hot cakes even during the recession. Cost Primark promises to deliver high fashion clothing at very affordable prices. True to its slogan "Look good, pay less," it offers clothes at very reasonable prices (like jeans for 4). Its success formula in keeping the cost low seems to be it target group: the fashion conscious below the age of 35.Outsourcing the workers from other countries where labour is cheap helps in significantly reducing the production costs. Here is a company that can afford to do away with advertising, thus saving the company billions of s that would otherwise have been spent on advertising. Susan Segal feels that their success is due to the fact that they are positioned clearly at the cheap end of the market, thus avoiding a middle of the bracket position like its

Plain English Movement Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Plain English Movement - Term Paper Example Some of the features that differentiate plain language document from traditional ones are: properly organized format, effective wordings, and simple sentences. Plain English (PE) offers several advantages to us over traditional form of English. PE gives information to the readers in the form that is easy for them to understand. It uses straight small sentences and commonly understood words. The core objective is to communicate with clarity and precision. The communication has been a necessity ever since people came on this planet. Hundreds of languages evolved over time for the needs of communication across different parts of the world. Many languages died down for the varied reasons. One of the prime reasons for the death of some of the established languages has been its complexities that are difficult to grasp by the masses. Sanskrit, the ancient language of India and the mother of more than 20 current Indian languages, is a glaring example that proves my point. The language died o n its own and gave birth to several modern Indian languages. The question may come to our minds that why so it happened? The reasons are not far and wide. People naturally tend to choose a language for communication that is easy, simple, straight and concise. Precisely for these reasons, language naturally evolves over time to meet above criteria. Compare the Shakespearean English with the English that evolved during last century. Nobody prefers to speak and write in the classic style of English now, which was in vogue during a few centuries back. The phenomena still continues and the English is still evolving for people neither have time nor an inclination to read long complex sentences. It is a common experience that given the long sentences quite often we need to read them twice or more to extract the gist. If the same sentences are broken into smaller versions then those can be understood in less time and efforts. The term plain language was first used in the US in the early 195 0s. In 1998, Bill Clinton issued a memorandum to the heads of executive departments and agencies asking them to use plain language in government Writing. The objective was to make government more responsive and understandable in its communication to the public. He clearly stated that plain language saves time, effort and money. He informed that plain language informs public with clarity that what the government is doing. Plain language texts have simple everyday words except necessary technical words, the active voice and short sentences. Kimble, Joseph (2005) has been highly critical of federal statutes drafting which just does not serve the purpose for which they have been made. Currently, PE is used by many Federal departments and agencies use plain language in their communication with public. Some of them are Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Federal Register, Health and Human Services (HHS), Veteran’s Benefits Administration (VBA), National Institutes of Health (NIH ). Not only government but private sector also is taking deep interest in spreading plain language. The countries such as UK, Canada, and Australia are also taking keen interest in plain language implementation programs. The stark differences between PE document and traditional business documents are clarity, understandability, conciseness in conveying the information without beating around the bush. Common people are able to grasp the information at their level without taking help from others. Plain Language

Medical profession Essay Example for Free

Medical profession Essay Adolescence roughly covers the age from thirteen to eighteen. Thus they are called the â€Å"teen years†. Psychologist, educators and the medical profession all agree that adolescence is the most difficult stage an individual may have to go through. It is a time of rapid changes in physical, cognitive and social behavior (Hurlock, 1982). At this age the teen undergo a transition from â€Å"innocence’ to â€Å"awareness†. He shifts from the egocentric world of childhood where his thinking is guided only by what is known or seen to a wide world within him and around him where he can logically think through its reality(Hilliard ,2003) The individual entered an age wherein suddenly there are so many things that he wants to know, understand and experience. It is at this time that primary (sex organs) and secondary sex characteristics start to develop. This includes growth of pubic hair, swelling of breast or first menstrual period for girls and penis growth for boys. Such changes are made possible due to biological change that are undergoing within their bodies. Both boys and girls began to release large quantities of sex hormones, estrogen for girls and androgen for boys. This hormonal change in turn may cause arousal and emotionality in both sexes as they began to figure there sexual values (Hurlock, 1982). Their physical and biological development may make teens overly â€Å"self-conscious† and they become strongly interested to the opposite sex. It is at this time that they first start dating (Huebner, 2000). Generally teens are primarily confronted with issues about sexuality that leads to confusion, chaos, rebellion and extra emotional sensitivity (Hurlock, 1982). Developmental theories had been formulated to explain this phenomenon. METHODOLOGY The purpose of questionnaire is to know a teen’s view and attitude about sex. It does not tackle other sexuality issues like homosexuality and transgender. In developing my questionnaire I keep three things in mind: I should not be biased, questions must be clear to avoid misunderstanding and that care should be taken so as not to offend or embarrass my respondents. I know that teens can be very sensitive and conscious of what people say about them and for most of them sex is a private matter. To meet the above criteria I was careful in not committing the following errors in designing a questionnaire: a) the respondent feels the information is â€Å"none of my business† (Do you masturbate? ), b) Question lack a standard of reference ( do you feel comfortable discussing sex with â€Å"people†? What people? Friends? Parents?), c) the respondent does not know the answer (How many teens in your school disagree about premarital sex? ), and d) the respondent does not remember the answer and therefore guesses (How many girls does your best friend dated last year? ). I first tested my questionnaire by letting one of my teen friends answer it. In this way I will know if the questions are clear and can be easily answered even when I am not around. I revised question/s that was declared not clear by my friend. The next task was to find a teen to be interviewed using the questionnaire. In order not to be biased I interviewed someone I do not know. In this way I have no idea regarding his sexual views. I went to a community park where all sorts and types of teens usually hangout during non-school days. I found a prospect in a group of boys who were dancing beside a stage. The person I interviewed volunteered to answer the questionnaire. He strikes me as a happy go lucky teen. He dresses nicely and smells good although he had been sweating because of their dance practice (he informed me that his group will be joining a dance contest in their community). He smiles easily and seems not to take my interview seriously at first.

Morality in Slaughterhouse Five :: Essays Papers

Morality in Slaughterhouse Five The destruction of Dresden was not "moral," nor is any destruction, really. We as mere mortals do not have the right to judge what is moral or not, however. That jurisdiction is left to the powers that be. But, we can still make haphazard guesses as to what strikes us as moral and immoral. Killing other humans is not something we were given the authority to do. The means yes, the will, yes; but not the authority. We have no right to decide who lives or dies. Think of it this way, how would you like it if someone decided you should die for something you had done, malicious or not. Events like the utter destruction of Hiroshima or Baghdad, or anywhere else for that matter, are completely detestable. Despite the fact that the inhabitants of those places had done some things to us that were unacceptable, we still had no right to take the action we took. There is no excuse for such action, there is almost always an available alternative to annihilation. Now, Sodom and Gomorrah, on the other hand, were destroyed morally and rightly by the powers that be. The fact that Lot’s wife, and innocent in the matter (despite the fact that she had compassion for the doomed), just happened to make a foolish choice. The cities were destroyed by the powers that be, whether God or the gods, for reasons they saw fit. It would seem the lesson did not take very well. However, this was an exception to the rule. No individual or group of individuals was directly involved in this. Those that were fit to be saved, were, and those unfit for salvation were demolished. With mass killings as undertaken by mortals, there is no determining or innocence or guilt. Innocents are killed alongside guilty. Those not even involved are massacred along with the rest. That is not to say that people should be sorted through, it is just to say that there is no rhyme or reason to it. It is simply senseless killing. The morality of the crusades is also in question. Christians (a.k.a.—the crusaders) believe in acceptance, forgiveness and universality. However, they proceed to kill those that do not comply with their religion. Am I the only one missing something? It seems to me that people of a religious nature would rather discuss and compromise than storm and pillage.

Police Misconduct Essay

Abstract The responsibility of police officers is to protect and serve the community lawfully. There have been many instances in which the power of an officer has been exercised ethically or unethically. Unfortunately, police misconduct still takes place in today’s police agencies nationwide. Activities such as, illegally searching ones property or a protocol miscue are classified as police misconduct no matter the magnitude of the offense. The right to search and seizure has been protected by the Bill Of Rights since foundation of our country due to our founding fathers. However, the fourth amendment is at risk to be changed due to such cases like Jardines v. Florida and other cases that have tested the boundaries of this amendment. This article will cross examine this case and others such as, Illinois v. Caballes and Kyllo v. United States, to examine if police misconduct could have played a part in these cases. Police misconduct is an act that is not classified as just by one action of delinquency but several actions such as police brutality, racial profiling and use of deadly force are just to name a few wrongdoings that take part in everyday police duties. However, it doesn’t necessary mean that the officer has to abuse its authority in anyway but a missed protocol falls under police misconduct classification. Officers who forget to follow procedure can lead to criminals getting away with the crimes he or she has committed during or before trial. Prosecutorial misconduct remains a largely undeveloped research issue in large part because of the challenge of defining what constitutes misconduct, but also some misconduct never comes to light (Dr. West, August 2012). For example, James Broderick was concealing information in the case of People of the State of Colorado v. Tim Masters that mislead the prosecution. If it wasn’t for this undisclosed information during the first trial Mr. Masters would have not lost years of his life in prison for a crime in which ten years later was proven innocent because of touch DNA and police misconduct. This paper will cross examine procedural protocols that can be tied to police misconduct. I will focus case such as, Jardine v. Florida, Illinois v. Caballas, and Kyllo v. United States to name some. These cases will help me determine if proper procedure was followed during the use of drug sniffing dogs during the investigation. Law enforcement officers use dogs to find people, clear buildings, sniff out evidence and to locate evidence or contraband (Walker, 2001).Law enforcement agencies have a list of behaviors in which they require their employees to follow and enforce even while using specially trained dogs. These canines have been trained to help our police force and have helped solved cases and saved lives since joining the force. The officers who are in charged of these dogs are held under a stricter police protocol. The Fourth Amendment preserves the â€Å"right of the people to be secure in their persons, house, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures† (Walker, 2001). Since police dogs have been on the force, the laws have changed and the areas in which they are allowed to search have as well. Police Canines have the right to sniff luggage, packages, warehouses or garages, cars, buses, and trains (Walker, 2001). All these locations are in public areas and can be a security issues therefore these areas don’t violate the Fourth Amendment. Places such as post offices, cargo planes and ships, U.S. borders and airports are other areas that the use of canines help search for contraband and other items that are prohibited from entering the U.S. In the 2005 case of Illinois v. Caballes a dog sniff was conducted during a concededly lawful traffic stop that reveals no information other than the location of a substance that no individual has any right to possess does not violate the Fourth Amendment (Illinois v. Caballes,2009). However, the police unit that was on scene had not been the one to conduct the search and that being said I feel that the violation of the Fourth Amendment occurred. The first unit had the situation under control and was already in the process of writing a warning ticket for the violation that Caballes had committed. The second unit that arrived on scene pulled out the canine and conducts a sniff test around the vehicle. During the search the canine had made an indication at the truck of Caballes vehicle which led to the discovery of narcotics. Even thou drugs was discovered, the search was performed without any specific and articulable facts to suggest drug activity; the use of the dog unjustifiably enlarged the scope of a routine traffic stop in to a drug investigation (Illinois v. Caballes, 2009). Even thou the officers did discover pounds of marijuana and prevented drugs from circling the community Caballes was able to fight this case in court. Police misconduct was not preformed in a threatening manner in this case but a simple missed protocol was able to justify a violation of ones privacy. Thanks to this case and others the law has been changed and the act of conducting a search in a vehicle is more in the hands of an officer if he or she has probable cause. Privacy of a hotel room is another questionable situation when it comes to violation of the Fourth Amendment. Rooms in which are occupied should be considered as that persons home for the time being. Pilots, business consultants, athletes, truckers and people who simply people who travel have to deal with checking into these rooms daily. However, the canine cant sniff inside a hotel room but the police officer can conduct a sniff test outside the room and if the canine indicates the officer must obtain a search warrant (Walker, 2001). The officer is able to conduct a sniff test outside the room because the hallways of the hotel and other areas not including your room are considered public areas. The case, Florida v. Jardines stems from a November 2006 anonymous tip to the Miami-Dade Police Department that the home of Joelis Jardines was being used to grow marijuana (Richey, 2012). Is a anonymous tip enough probable cause? Roughly a month after receiving the tip, a detective went to the house. After watching the residence for 15 minutes, a police officer with a drug sniffing dog was sent to the front porch. While on the porch, the dog signaled his handler that it smelled the presence of narcotics. A detective knocked on the front door, where he said he could smell marijuana (Richey, 2012).With all the facts that the officer had he felt like he had probable cause and obtained a search warrant. During the search they had prevented Mr. Jardines from fleeing while discovering the narcotics. At the trial, Jardines lawyer argued that all the evidence from the house must be suppressed because the use of the drug dog amounted to a illegal search in violation of the Fourth Amendment. The judge agreed and orders that the seized evidence be removed from the case (Richey, 2012). The officer did obtain a warrant but he had initiated a search with the dog without having probable cause before the dog signaled the officer. In a 2001 case, Kyllo v. United States, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that the use of a thermal imaging device to try and identify the heat lamps used to grow the marijuana violated the Fourth Amendment because it can detect innocent activities of people in the house (Richey, 2012).These officers violated the privacy of the defendant in this case even with having good intentions to save the community from narcotics they violated police procedure and the Fourth Amendment. Florida prosecutors argue that unlike thermal imagers, a drug dogs are trained to only signal their handlers when they detect contraband (Richey, 2012). The Florida prosecutor is right that the dogs signal only when they detect narcotics but what gives the right authorization to initiate a sniff at a doorstep. Later on the prosecution stated â€Å"There is no point in a dog sniff after a warrant is obtained. The purpose of the dog is to develop the probable cause in the first instance.† This statement is completely factual but did the officer who initiated the sniff test at Mr. Jardines door have enough probable cause. Is a anonymous tip enough probable cause to take a canine up to a private home and conduct a sniff test. The Florida Supreme court acknowledges that officers can generally walk up to a home and knock but they also determined that there was much more than a knock that had taken place in Mr. Jardines home. This case will be schedule for argument in April and can have an effect on the Fourth Amendment. Police misconduct is still such broad subject but if it wasn’t for these cases of missed protocol our men and women who protect and serve the community are now more aware on how to deal with these situations. Refrences Dumm, D.N (2012).Dog Sniff Case Granted Cert . Retrieved February 28, 2012 from the World Wide Web: http://www.johnathan turely.org/2012/01/08/dog-sniff-case- granted-cert/ Dr. West, E.M.(August, 2010) Court finding of Prosecutorial Miscondcuct Claims in Post-Conviction Appeals and Civil Suits

Small Island †Andrea Levy

Small Island is a book written by Andrea Levy mainly based on race, War and prejudice in London in 1948, the story is explain through the point of view of 4 different narrators including flashbacks into their pasts. One of the narrators is Gilbert, who appears the charming fool a Jamaican newlywed who served in the RAF during World War II, hopes for a prosperous future in London, though his experience of racial discrimination tells him this won't be achieved easily.This is shown when he is stopped from sitting next to Queenie and Arthur by the usherette and after heated words between them and American soldiers it leads to the death of Arthur (183-193), as well even after serving for England after he rejoins civilization he is still treated poorly His young wife, Hortense, is more naive.Arriving from Jamaica via the empire windrush, hoping to take up a teaching career, as well as trying to find her former flame Michael who left Jamaica to join the RAF after being caught having an affa ir so in a desperate need to continue her dream marries a Gilbert thinking life in England would be great however she is soon in despair over rude rejections and her struggle to make herself understood, literally and figuratively, by white working-class neighbors who don't seem to comprehend the English she learned in her home island.However towards the end she and Gilbert bond more and eventually take in Queenies baby Michael to raise as their own after she plans to leave Queenie’s house and settle down with Gilbert Queenie is a tough, level headed survivor, with a good heart. Brought up on a pig farm in Yorkshire, from an early age she grows to hate the smell of the pigs, the squalor and the blood. With dreams of escape, she finally gets her wish when her kindly Aunt sends the train fare to London. Queenie is open-minded and hungry for new experience. She like Hortense goes to London with hope in her heart.Despite trying to better herself with elocution lessons, she can nev er quite shake her Yorkshire vowels. However an unexpected death forces her into the arms of the educated but rather uninspiring Bernard as to keep her dream Queenie believes that her dreams are lost to her forever.After Bernard goes to war she is forced to look after Bernard’s Mentally ill father and during this she sleeps with Michael a black serviceman she invites to her house who impregnates her, and after Bernard doesn’t return from the war she later invites a man she had earlier met Gilbert after he rescued her father in law  to stay at her house along with his wife who would be arriving as well as a few other lodgers. Queenie and Hortense initially clash however unsurprisingly due to their similarity in life they eventually bond and become as close to friends as they could be which eventually ends in Queenie giving them the baby she had with Hortense’s former companion Michael.However after Bernard returns he blatantly shows unhappiness as black civilia ns living at the house â€Å"Did they have to be coloured† however Queenie seems to be the only white person in the book who doesn’t judge a person based on the colour of their skin Bernard is the husband of Queenie Bligh’s bank clerk husband who seems to be quite stuck up and racist and he is shown to be the complete opposite of Queenie, his dad Arthur who served in World War 1 suffers from shellshock leaving him to not speak after meeting queenieBernard changes from being repressed and quiet to being quite lively and affectionate after marrying queenie whom he loves he reverts back to being his closed down self and leaves to go and join up with the army where he befriends a guy named Maxi however after his death Bernard who seemed the gentle and nonviolent type he got in a fight, and cheated on Queenie with a seemingly under aged prostitute and got what he thought was a life threatening syphilis however It seems to be just a simple Flu.And after two years away he then goes to see Maxi’s Family and then eventually returns home to the shock of queenie †and I was collapsed sitting on the pavement† however Bernard simply replies Indeed when Queenie talks to him showing his ‘boringness’ which Queenie seems to dislike The story starts with a flashback to the past when Queenie was a child. Levy starts with this is as it starts with a showing of the racism as queenie calls the British empire exhibition as Africa due to the black people there showing that racism was imprinted onto children at a young age as well â€Å"go on queenie, kiss him, kiss him† is as if the black man has some sort of disease so Emily is saying I dare you to do it

Enron Scandal Essays

Enron Scandal Essays Enron Scandal Essay Enron Scandal Essay Enron and why it was a failure Enron and why it was a failure Marcus E. Tucker University of Phoenix Enron and why it was a failure Enron, known today as one of the biggest business failures this country has ever seen. Enron who in the late ninetyâ„ ¢s controlled twenty five percent of all electricity and natural gas contracts traded worldwide, and was billed by Fortune magazine as Americaâ„ ¢s Most Innovative Companyâ„ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢ for six years straight, became one of the largest bankruptcies in U.S. history in December 2001(MSN, 2008). This paper will explain how Enron failed as a company by using unethical business practices and also compare and contrast Enronâ„ ¢s leadership, top management and organizational structures to certain Organizational Behavior theories. Enron failed because it lacked proper leadership and poor decision making from its top executives. Leadership is a very important component of OB; it also is a huge reason behind Enronâ„ ¢s downfall. Enronâ„ ¢s top executives were good leaders; the only problem is that they were leading the company to destruction. One of the many definitions of a leader states Leadership is the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and how to do it, and the process of facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives (). Kenneth Lay was able to accomplish this task with his people, his employees bought into his beliefs and the culture of the company. He was not only able to gain a following from his employees, but also from outsiders who were invested in his success such as the United States government. Employees were working eighty our weeks and sacrificing their today for a better tomorrow, they believed that by working for Enron that they were going to richer than they had ever imagined. If Enronâ„ ¢s managers had made better decisions and had stuck to OB theories such as planning, organizing, leading and controlling they should have realized that the company was running unethically and blown the whistle on the company and its top executive officers. Enron should have been focused on the future, building a stronger structure and using ethical procedures that would help the company grow. The structure of the Enron did not give other managers or top executives the ability to make decisions for the company. Enronâ„ ¢s decisions were made by Lay or Skeeling, who had immense and unchallenged authority there should have been a board of directors who voted on the decisions and the direction of the company. If you were to compare Enronâ„ ¢s structure, to a company that has high ethical standards the two companies would be identical on the surface. If you were to take a closer you look you would find that Enron priced the value of its deepwater drilling operations higher than what its reserves merited. It claimed that contracts due in the future were worth more than they were. And most famously, it hid losses in partnerships, or what were legally called special purpose entities (). Reference: MSN?  (2008).?  Enron Scandal. Retrieved February?  22, 2009, from http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_701610398_2/Enron_Scandal.html.

Biography of Col. Ellison Onizuka, Challenger Astronaut

Biography of Col. Ellison Onizuka, Challenger Astronaut When the space shuttle Challenger exploded on January 28, 1986, the tragedy took the lives of seven astronauts. Among them was Col. Ellison Onizuka, an Air Force veteran and Nasa astronaut who became the first Asian-American to fly to space. Fast Facts: Ellison Onizuka Born: June 24, 1946 in Kaelakekua, Kona, HawaiiDied: January 28, 1986 in Cape Canaveral, FloridaParents: Masamitsu and Mitsue OnizukaSpouse: Lorna Leiko Yoshida (m. 1969)Children: Janelle Onizuka-Gillilan, Darien Lei Shuzue Onizuka-MorganEducation: Bachelors and Masters degrees in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Colorado  Career: Air Force pilot, NASA AstronautFamous Quote: Your vision is not limited by what your eyes can see, but by what your mind can imagine. Many things that you take for granted were considered unrealistic dreams by previous generations. If you accept these past accomplishments as commonplace then think of the new horizons that you can explore. From your vantage point, your education and imagination will carry you to places which we won’t believe possible. Make your life count- and the world will be a better place because you tried. On the wall of the Hawaii Challenger Center. Early Life Ellison Onizuka was born under the name Onizuka Shoji in Kaleakekua, near Kona, on the Big Island of Hawaii, on June 24, 1946. His parents were Masamitsu and Mitsue Onizuka. He grew up with two sisters and a brother, and was a member of Future Farmers of America and the Boy Scouts. He attended Konawaena High School and often talked about how he would dream about flying out to the stars that he could see from his home on the island.   Education Onizuka left Hawaii to study engineering at the University of Colorado, receiving a bachelors degree in June 1969 and a masters degree a few months later. That same year he also married Lorna Leiko Yoshida. The Onizukas had two daughters: Janelle Onizuka-Gillilan and Darien Lei Shizue Onizuka-Morgan.   After graduation, Onizuka joined the United States Air Force and served as a flight test engineer and test pilot. He also focused on systems security engineering for a number of different jets. During his flying career, Onizuka gained more than 1,700 flight hours. While in the Air Force, he trained at the Flight Test Center at Edwards Air Force Base in California. While racking up flying time and testing jets for the Air Force, he also worked on systems for a number of experimental military aircraft.   Onizukas NASA Career The crew assigned to the STS-51C mission included (kneeling in front left to right) Loren J. Schriver, pilot; and Thomas K. Mattingly, II, commander. Standing, left to right, are Gary E. Payton, payload specialist; and mission specialists James F. Buchli, and Ellison L. Onizuka. Launched aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery on January 24, 1985 at 2:50:00 pm (EST), the STS-51C was the first mission dedicated to the Department of Defense (DOD).   NASA Ellison Onizuka was selected as a NASA astronaut in 1978 and left the Air Force with a rank of lieutenant colonel. At NASA, he worked on the shuttle avionics integration laboratory team, mission support, and, while in space, managing payloads on orbit. He took his first flight on STS 51-C aboard the shuttle Discovery in 1985. It was a top-secret flight to launch a payload from the Department of Defense, the first classified mission for the orbiters. That flight also heralded another first by making Onizuka the first Asian-American to fly in space.  The flight lasted for 48 orbits, giving Onizuka 74 hours on orbit. Ellison Onizuka (left) in flight with Loren Shriver, during his first shuttle mission.   NASA Onizukas Final Mission His next assignment was on STS 51-L, set to launch Challenger into orbit in January 1986. For that flight, Onizuka was assigned mission specialist duties. He was joined by teacher-in-space selectee Christa McAuliffe, Gregory Jarvis, Ronald McNair, Michael J. Smith, Judith Resnik, and Dick Scobee. It would have been his second flight to space. Unfortunately, Col. Onizuka perished along with his crewmates when the spacecraft was destroyed during an explosion 73 seconds after launch. Crew of Space Shuttle Challenger X (L-R front row) astronauts Smith, Scobee, McNair (L-R rear) Onizuka, payload specialist/teacher McAuliffe, payload spec. Jarvis astronaut Resnik, Johnson Space Center. The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images / Getty Images Honors and Legacy Most people at NASA who worked with him remember Colonel Onizuka as an explorer. He was a man with a great sense of humor, and someone who often encouraged people, particularly young students to use their imagination and intellect as they pursued their careers. During his short career, he was awarded the Air Force Commendation Medal, Air Force Outstanding Unit Award, and the National Defense Service Medal. After his death, Col. Onizuka was honored in a variety of ways, including the Congressional Space Medal of Honor. He was raised to the rank of Colonel in the Air Force, an honor given to those who lose their lives in service. Col. Onizuka is buried at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Honolulu. His accomplishments have been memorialized on buildings, streets, an asteroid, a Star Trek shuttlecraft, and other science and engineering-related buildings. Various institutions, including the Gemini Observatories and other facilities in Hawaii, hold annual Ellison Onizuka days for engineering and science symposia. The Challenger Center Hawaii maintains a salute to his service to his country and to NASA. One of two airports on the Big Island is named for him: the Ellison Onizuka Kona International Airport at Keahole. Astronomers also recognize his service with the Onizuka Center for International Astronomy. Its a support center at the base of Mauna Kea, where a number of the worlds best observatories are located. Visitors to the center are told his story, and a plaque dedicated to him is mounted on a rock where everyone can see it as they enter the station.   Onizuka was a popular speaker, and returned several times to his alma mater in Boulder, Colorado, to speak to students about becoming an astronaut.   Onizukas Soccer Ball Ellison Onizukas soccer ball, retrieved after the Challenger disaster, flies aboard the International Space Station during Expedition 49. NASA One of the more poignant of Ellison Onizukas memorials is his soccer ball. It was given to him by his daughters soccer team, which he also coached, and was something he wanted to take to space, so he stowed it away on board the Challenger as part of his personal allotment. It actually survived the explosion that destroyed the shuttle and was eventually picked up by the rescue teams. The soccer ball was stored, along with all the other astronauts personal effects. Eventually, the ball made it back to the Onizuka family, and they presented it to Clear Lake High School, where the Onizuka daughters attended school. After some years in a display case, it made a special trip to orbit aboard the International Space Station during Expedition 49 in 2016. Upon its return to Earth in 2017, the ball made its way back to the high school, where it remains as a tribute to the life of Ellison Onizuka.   Sources â€Å"Colonel Ellison Shoji Onizuka.† Colorado Center for Policy Studies | University of Colorado Colorado Springs, www.uccs.edu/afrotc/memory/onizuka.â€Å"Ellison Onizuka, First Asian-American Astronaut, Brought Hawaii to Space.† NBCNews.com, NBCUniversal News Group, www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/ellison-onizuka-first-asian-american-astronaut-brought-hawaiian-spirit-space-n502101.NASA, NASA, er.jsc.nasa.gov/seh/onizuka.htm.â€Å"The inside Story of the Soccer Ball That Survived the Challenger Explosion.† ESPN, ESPN Internet Ventures, www.espn.com/espn/feature/story/_/id/23902766/nasa-astronaut-ellison-onizuka-soccer-ball-survived-challenger-explosion.

DNA Barcoding Invertebrate Lab Report #1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DNA Barcoding Invertebrate #1 - Lab Report Example Currently two such databases exists, the Barcode of life (BOLD) and The International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaborative which is an intiative of the three main Nucleotide databases, GenBank, EMBL and DDBJ. The fouth and final stage is to carry out an analysis where specimens are identified with the closest matching reference record in the aforementioned databases. In this lab report, we sought to perform a barcode analysis using mayfly DNA sequences in the BOLD database. The barcode sequence is mainly a short DNA sequence which has a uniform location in the genome and is used to identify species. One of the commonly used sequence in DNA barcoding is the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI). This was the sequence we used this work. The barcoding process involves identifying a universal locus which has retained enough sequence conservation throughout evolution and can be sourced from many organisms. This sequence should also be diverse so as to be competent enough to differentiate a target species to the family level. Generally regions of the chloroplast (rbcL gene) and the mitochondria (COI) meet these requirements. Various studies have been undertaken by Herbert et al (2003a, 2004b) and established this COI sequence as the sequence of choice in DNA barcoding in insects and vertebrates. Inverterbrates such as mayfly are collected whole and may b e euthanized in a kill jar by placing them in a freezer. In the lab, primers are designed to target the conserved regions flanking the rbcL or the COI

Revolutions that caused the most change in western society and culture Term Paper - 1

Revolutions that caused the most change in western society and culture - Term Paper Example The transition from agrarian society to trade and commerce which required skilled labor, led to higher productive outcome. The division of labor was focused on technology based specialized skills which could be efficiently exploited within the industries to enhance productivity. Industrial revolution was important breakthrough in manufacturing process as it mechanized the production process through new techniques, machineries and methods into the industrial areas. Through the invention of steam engine, railroad system was created which facilitated transportation of goods and services across wider regions, thus developing stronger network of market for goods across the nations. The industrial revolution brought in radical changes in the socio-political and cultural arenas. Work experience was transformed through technology which not only increased productivity but also offered new opportunities of work to the people, thereby increasing family income. The easy transportation provided people with greater varieties of goods and therefore made markets more competitive. Most importantly, the revolution also helped people to travel greater distances and interact with people coming from different culture, race and color. Indeed, innovations in the field of consumer goods and luxury items significantly impacted the lifestyle of the people who quickly adopted technology within their lives. The American Revolution (1775-1783) is considered as one of the key events in the annals of the history of contemporary times because it brought into existence, the world’s most powerful, developed and wealthy nation. The revolution changed the very dynamics of political geography of the world when defeat of the British forces led to the independence of 13 British colonies of North and forming United States of America. The democratic tenets of American constitution greatly facilitated the changing socio-economic